II. Biology & Politics

 

  1. James H. Fowler and Darren Schreiber. 2008. “Biology, Politics, and the Emerging Science of Human Nature.” SCIENCE, 7 November, 2008 VOL 322: 912-14.
  2. John R. Alford, Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2005. Are political orientations genetically transmitted?  American Political Science Review 99: 153-68.
  3. Evan Charney. 2008. Genes and Ideologies. Perspectives on Politics, Volume 6, Issue 02, June 2008, pp 299-319.
  4. John R. Alford, Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2008. Beyond Liberals and Conservatives to Political Genotypes and Phenotypes. Perspectives on Politics, Volume 6, Issue 02, June 2008, pp 321-328.
  5. James H. Fowler and Christopher T. Dawes. 2008. "Two Genes Predict Voter Turnout." The Journal of Politics 70 (03):579-94.
  6. Peter K. Hatemi, Sarah E. Medland, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2009. “Do Genes Contribute to the Gender Gap? Journal of Politics. Forthcoming.
  7. Satoshi Kanazawa. 2009. "Evolutionary Psychological Foundations of Civil Wars." Journal of Politics, Volume 71, Issue 1 (January 2009).
  8. Rose McDermott, James H. Fowler, and Oleg Smirnov. 2008. "On the Evolutionary Origin of Prospect Theory Preferences." The Journal of Politics 70 (02):335-50.

 

General:

 

1.     Why have political scientists seemed so reluctant to study the biological bases of social & political behavior?  Practical, moral, historical issues? Are we reopening a moral can of worms that Is better left untouched?

2.     Why should political scientists care about biology?  What kinds of useful scientific or philosophical insights might a greater knowledge of biology provide political scientists?

3.     How might your own research benefit from the study of genetics and politics?

 

Genetics Research:   John R. Alford, Carolyn L. Funk, and John R. Hibbing. 2005, 2008;  Charney. 2008.;  Fowler & Dawes 2008. JOP.

 

4.     Why focus on genetics?  What are the findings of Alford et al about the degree to which heredity versus the environment explains individual variation in political & social attitudes?  Which attitudes have a high heredity component & which do not?

5.     What are the implications for AFH’s findings for the study of political behavior—e.g., environmental determinism, the properties of heritable attitudes, political ideologies, human nature & rational choice theories?

6.     Why use twin studies?  What are the potential strengths and weaknesses of twin studies? Of AFH’s methodology, broadly speaking?

7.     How would you “score” the debate between Charney & AFH?  In what important ways has the position of AFH in response to Charney shifted from their 05 article?

8.     In another “Comment,” by AFH, score the authors’ response to Beckwith & Morris, in the December 2008 issue of Perspectives on Politics, with respect to two issues:

a.       “whether widespread acceptance of the fact that genetics plays an influential role in accounting for variations in human behavior will make the world a better or worse place” (p. 796).

b.      and some of the limitations of their methodology raised by Beckwith & Morris and point to some ways of improving inferences based on various methods (employed by Fowler et al and AFH’s own ongoing [unreported] research).  How well does Fowler et al’s research address these issues?

9.     How do Fowler & Dawes contribute to the interactionist perspective in their research?  How would you explain their findings to an undergraduate class?  Should future genetics researchers be required to use a similar methodology? Why or why not?

 

Evolutionary Psychology:   Kanazawa. 2009; McDermott et al, 2008.

 

10.  What are some of the major assumptions underlying the perspective of evolutionary psychology, according to Kanazawa, and what kinds of evidence is it based on?  What do you see as some of the major strengths and weaknesses of this perspective?  In your view, how important is it likely to be for political scientists, especially those studying political behavior? Why?

11.  What, in brief, is Prospect Theory, and how does evolutionary psychology help to flesh out testable hypotheses about political decision making in different environments, according to McDermott et al?  Is evolutionary psychology necessary or just a useful heuristic here? What more would you like to see done?

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