Asian Pear, Apple, and Peach Variety Trial - 2005
Joseph Masabni, Dwight Wolfe, June Johnston, and Hilda Rogers, Department of Horticulture, UKREC
Introduction
One of the initial and most important decisions every fruit producer must struggle with is the choice of cultivars. Although cultivar performance and fruit quality information is very useful, obtaining this information is time-consuming, due to the time required for fruit trees to start production. This is also expensive due to the large number of cultivars available. One way of reducing this cost is to incorporate a variety trial of the most recent cultivars with potential of performing well in Kentucky.
Materials and Methods
In the spring of 1997, a training/pruning trial consisting of 36 trees per row was planted in the orchard of the UK Research and Education Center at Princeton, KY (1). Guard rows of various apple cultivars (two trees per cultivar) were planted on the east and west sides of the trial. Four Asian pear cultivars (eight trees) were also included in the east side guard row. Spacing and cultural practices were the same as described previously for the optimal training trial (1).
In 2004 (2), and again in 2005, phenological stages were recorded in the spring and yield, fruit size (average weight of 50 fruits), flesh firmness, and the percent soluble solids (Brix) were recorded at harvest.
In 2004, a block of various peach cultivars was planted. This planting consists of 2 trees per variety spaced 6 ft apart within rows 18 ft apart. Currently, there are 37 varieties in this block of peaches.
Results and Discussion
Phenology, harvest, and fruit quality data for the apples and Asian pears are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Yield comparisons between any two varieties should not be used as evidence that one variety is a better yielder than the other. We will continue evaluating these varieties over a few years to get a better picture of how they perform over time.
The following comments reflect observations for the 2005 season only. The top three yielding apple varieties in 2005 were Crimson Crisp (Coop 39), Yataka, and Liberty, yielding 212, 130, and 121 lbs/tree, respectively. Phenology and trunk cross-sectional area (measured 12” above the soil line) of each peach cultivar is presented in Table 3. Peach cultivars without phenology data in Table 3 were planted in 2005.
Literature Cited
1. Joseph G. Masabni, Gerald R Brown (Professor Emeritus), and Dwight Wolfe. 2002. Optimal Training of Apple Trees for High Density Plantings. In: 2002 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report. PR-470:30.
2. Joseph Masabni, Dwight Wolfe, June Johnston, and Hilda Rogers. 2004. Pome Fruit Variety Trial. In: 2004 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report. PR-504:38-39.
Table 1. Dates of phenological stages for apple and pear cultivars at Princeton, KY, 2005.
|
Asian Pear Cultivars |
Green Tip |
Half- Inch Green |
Tight Cluster |
Pink |
Bloom |
Petal Fall |
Fruit Set |
|
Chojuro / OHxF97 (RM) |
3/25 |
3/31 |
- |
- |
4/6 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
|
Korean Giant / OHxF97 (RM) |
3/25 |
3/31 |
- |
- |
4/8 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
|
Niitaka / OHxF333 (RM) |
3/25 |
3/31 |
- |
- |
4/8 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
|
Apple Cultivars |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonagold De Coster / M.9 (ACN) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/10 |
4/12 |
4/20 |
4/24 |
|
Rubinstar Jonagold / M.9 (Wafler’s) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/10 |
4/12 |
4/20 |
4/24 |
|
Morren's Jonagored / B.9 (Stark’s) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/10 |
4/12 |
4/21 |
4/24 |
|
Shizuka / B.9 (RM) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/18 |
4/20 |
|
Florina / CG.10 (RM) |
3/31 |
3/31 |
4/6 |
4/10 |
4/12 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Enterprise ‘PP9193’ / CG.10 (RM) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Sun Fuji / M.9 (ACN) |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Yataka / M.9 (Starks) |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Senshu / M.9 (Starks) |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
GoldRush / M.9 (Starks) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/21 |
4/24 |
|
Pristine ‘PPAF’ / M.9 (RM) |
3/29 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Monark / B.9 (RM) |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/16 |
4/20 |
|
William's Pride ‘PP6268’ / O.3 (RM) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/18 |
4/22 |
|
Redfree ‘PP4322’ / CG.10 (RM) |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
|
Sansa ‘PP 6519’ / M.9 (ACN) |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/9 |
4/11 |
4/22 |
4/27 |
|
Rezista ‘Gala’ (Releika) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/22 |
4/27 |
|
Crimson Crisp-Coop 39 / CG.10 (RM) |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/22 |
4/27 |
|
Big Red ’BJ 45’ Gala / CG10 (RM) |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/19 |
4/22 |
|
6882 Pixie Crunch Dwarf / M.9 |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/22 |
4/27 |
|
Liberty / M.9 (Starks) |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/11 |
4/20 |
4/24 |
|
Scarlet O'Hara-Coop25 / B9 (RM) |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/11 |
4/13 |
4/20 |
4/22 |
Table 2. Harvest data from the 1997 apple and pear cultivar trial at Princeton, KY, 2005.
|
Asian Pear Cultivars |
Harvest Date |
2005 Yield (lbs/tree) |
Fruit Weight (oz) |
Flesh Firmness (lbs) |
Brix (%) |
|
Chojuro / OHxF97 (RM) |
9/3 |
30 |
- |
18.1 |
11.4 |
|
Korean Giant / OHxF97 (RM) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Niitaka / OHxF333 (RM) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Apple Cultivars |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jonagold De Coster / M.9 (ACN) |
9/14 |
87 |
7.9 |
16.6 |
13.3 |
|
Rubinstar Jonagold / M.9 (Wafler’s) |
9/14 |
39 |
9.2 |
15.5 |
13.1 |
|
Morren's Jonagored / B.9 (Stark’s) |
9/26 |
70 |
9.0 |
10.0 |
14.1 |
|
Shizuka / B.9 (RM) |
9/26 |
38 |
11.0 |
11.7 |
12.2 |
|
Florina / CG.10 (RM) |
9/26 |
81 |
7.3 |
15.3 |
12.7 |
|
Enterprise ‘PP9193’ / CG.10 (RM) |
10/3 |
91 |
7.8 |
18.5 |
12.3 |
|
Sun Fuji / M.9 (ACN) |
10/18 |
44 |
6.0 |
17.8 |
15.8 |
|
Yataka / M.9 (Starks) |
10/18 |
130 |
5.8 |
14.7 |
13.9 |
|
Senshu / M.9 (Starks) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
GoldRush / M.9 (Starks) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Pristine ‘PPAF’ / M.9 (RM) |
7/14 |
60 |
3.5 |
13.5 |
10.5 |
|
Monark / B.9 (RM) |
7/14 |
49 |
4.7 |
13.7 |
11.5 |
|
William's Pride ‘PP6268’ / O.3 (RM) |
7/26 |
41 |
3.1 |
11.8 |
11.6 |
|
Redfree ‘PP4322’ / CG.10 (RM) |
7/26 |
94 |
5.9 |
17.6 |
11.9 |
|
8/19 |
12 |
3.5 |
18.4 |
13.7 |
|
|
Sansa ‘PP 6519’ / M.9 (ACN) |
8/3 |
91 |
11.6 |
16.7 |
15.9 |
|
Crimson Crisp-Coop 39/CG.10 (RM) |
8/3 |
212 |
9.8 |
25.0 |
11.6 |
|
Big Red ‘BJ 45’ Gala / CG10 (RM) |
8/25 |
40 |
7.1 |
14.0 |
12.8 |
|
6882 Pixie Crunch Dwarf / M.9 |
8/19 |
4 |
3.7 |
22.4 |
13.3 |
|
Liberty / M.9 (Starks) |
9/15 |
121 |
6.1 |
21.8 |
13.1 |
|
Scarlet O'Hara-Coop25 / B9 (RM) |
8/19 |
50 |
6.1 |
25.1 |
13.6 |
Table 3. Dates of phenological stages for peach cultivars at Princeton, KY, 2005.
|
Peach Cultivar |
Swollen Bud |
Half- Inch Green |
Pink |
Bloom |
Petal Fall |
Fruit Set |
Trunk Cross-sectional Area (in2) |
|
John Boy |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.6 |
|
White Lady |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.2 |
|
Redhaven |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.9 |
|
RedStar |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/2 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
5.3 |
|
Snow Brite |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.8 |
|
Sugar May |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
|
Spring Snow |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
|
Allstar |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.8 |
|
Contender |
3/21 |
3/25 |
4/4 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
4.2 |
|
Coralstar |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.5 |
|
Sugar Giant |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.7 |
|
Klondike |
3/21 |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.6 |
|
NJ 275 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
|
John Boy II |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.8 |
|
Snow Giant |
3/21 |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.4 |
|
Laurol |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.2 |
|
Encore |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/16 |
1.6 |
|
Cresthaven |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.8 |
|
Glowinstar |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
4.4 |
|
Blushingstar |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.0 |
|
Summer Breeze |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.0 |
|
PF Lucky 21 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.3 |
|
PF 17 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.6 |
|
PF 15A |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.3 |
|
PF Lucky 13 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
3/31 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.5 |
|
PF 7 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.2 |
|
PF 5 B |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.4 |
|
PF 1 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
3.5 |
|
PF 35-007 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.2 |
|
Sweet-N-Up |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
|
Crimson Rocket |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.4 |
|
PF 27A |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/29 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.6 |
|
PF 25 |
3/21 |
3/25 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.0 |
|
PF 24C |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
1.6 |
|
PF 20-007 |
3/21 |
3/31 |
4/4 |
4/6 |
4/8 |
4/13 |
2.7 |
|
Galaxy |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.9 |
|
Flat Wonderful |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.9 |