Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
Overview: Just as in the last chapter, we will continue to focus on the reactions
"inside the box" below.
A. Metabolism of carbohydrates other than glucose
Thus far, we have focused exclusively on the metabolism of glucose. Before proceeding with the discussion of the citric acid cycle, I will take up (briefly) the metabolism of other carbohydrates. This material is extracted from Chapter 17 which we will not formally cover.
1. monosaccharides
fructose
2. disaccharides
sucrose
lactose
3. oligosaccharides
B. Metabolism of pyruvate
1. anaerobic fates of pyruvate
anaerobic metabolism (yeast)
anaerobic metabolism (microorganisms, eukaryotes)
2. citric acid cycle (and the aerobic metabolism of pyruvate)
overview:

where? mitochondrial matrix shown in cartoon below

a. oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex:
E1 pyruvate dehydrogenase: role of thiamine pyrophosphate
E2 dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase: role of lipoic acid
E3 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase: role of FAD
b. First quadrant

Step 1

Steps 2 and 3:

c. Second quadrant

Step 4:
regulated step
d. Third quadrant

Step 5:

e. Fourth quadrant

Step 6:

Step 7:
Steps 8 and 9:
