Many years ago and before time began Professor Ben C. Finney provide the following set of practicum supervision guidelines. These several terms he used in his evaluation of typescripts which he collected from his students in techniques and practicum classes:

"These are some of the 'words' I will put on your typescripts as comments on your therapeutic responses. It saves me writing them out, so when you find one, you can look up in this code book and get a little lecture on technique!

" REFLECT - "R" An "R" with an arrow to the feeling you should reflect. Indicating that these seem to me to be the feelings you should reflect, to call the client's attention to the fact you heard them, to reinforce this kind of response, to emphasize it for the client so he doesn't overlook what he said. (The notes were collected wll before Title IX)

" KEEP YOUR OWN OPINIONS OUT - "KYOOO" This symbol will note that you have introduced your own opinions or values into the interview with no clear therapeutic goal. You(r) own opinions may have important therapetic impact, and should be used from time to time, but only after considerable thought and with therapeutic intent. Always ask yourself "Is this opinion necessary"?

" DON'T IGNORE FEELINGS TOWARD YOU - "DIFTY" The essence of therapy is relationship. And feelings about the relationship are the most important of the feelings. Sometimes there are transference feelings, feelings that arise out of some relationship in the past and are being "projected" upon you; but it is in the exploration of these feelings that the client can recognize them for past feelings and gain insight. But not all feelings are transference, some of them are genuine and should be accepted as such, with warmth. To recognize that there is a genuine and deep relationship may be important; to deny it would be to reject the client and his (her) feelings. But explore first, and find out the what and why before reacting, but don't be a "cold fish". And reflect feelings toward yourself objectively, and explore the thinking behind them. Don't get embarrased if these are positive or defensive if they are negative. And therapy stirs up negative feelings. If you don't get them spontaneously, ask for them "How are you feeling about me now?"

" SOFT-TALK - "SOFT" This is when you play down feelings, when the client says "I hate my mother" and you reflect "Your mother irritates you". Don't play feelings down; amplify them if you can. Don't be like his (her) mother who said "You really don't hate your father; you're just upset because you are hungry. You really love your father".

" PROFESSOR TALK - "PROF" This is when you respond to the client's feelings with nice long, juicy words like "negativism", "ambivalence", "sibling rivalry; a worse error is to respond to the client "psychology talk" or "seminar talk" and encourage it. Don't use a vocabularly larger than a six your old if youi can help it; the "little kid" who owns and controls all the feelings does not know what you are talking about.

" HAPPY TALK - "HAP" This is when you try to reassure, point out positive assets, and in general act like a psychologically obstuse pollyana. Reassurance may be appropriate, and at times crucial, but only afetr throughtful deliberation. "Happy Talk" sens the message "We don't talk about nasty things like hate and fear and gloom here; think happy". So those feelings stay covered, and come out in actions.

"BUG ON A PIN - "BOP" BOP is what should happen to you, immediately, when you take the distant attitude as if you are dealing with a "case", classifying him (her), or interested in this strange and clincally fascinating feelings. If you can't identify those feelings and responses as juset like some of your own, THEN YOU HAD BEEN TALK TO YOUR THERAPIST. Don't use distance and "analyzing" as a defense for your own uneasiness.

"TELL IT TO YOUR OWN THERAPIST - "TOT" Don't introduce your own feelings or problems in the client's hour. Don't let him (her) draw you in either. You have a therapist, so talk to him (her).

" FOCUS ON THE CLIENT - "Focus" When the client is talking about his (her) relationshipls, don't reflect or focus on the other person. Respond to the client, his (her) feelings, and his (her) reactions. "Mother analysis" is usually pretty futile, since she isn't there to benefit from it. Somethings, a thoughtful undersetaning of why she reactions the way she does is helpful, but is easily overdone.

" DON'T CHANGE THE SUBJECT - "DOCH" Don't change the subject without a good reason, which usuallly is that the client is stuck on a topic and making no progress. Usually you should follow with him (her) until he (she) clearly wants to leave it, and then maybe its better to let him (her) pick it, although some intervention may be helpful. Usually subject changing sends the message you aren't interested in that topic.... or the client. Usually it means that your sensive spots are throbbing and you want to get off; or being tormented with the "Let's go faster" fever."

The text was a handout from long ago and has been a guide for these many years.