'Lesson Six'

'CONTENTS' 'Review Affirmation Prepositions Exercises with Prepositions Vocabulary (1) In Restaurant Continue the Exercises with Prepositions Exercises (1-15) Answers (1-15) Two Objects of Verb, Direct and Indirect Vocabulary (2) Dialogue Comparison of Adjectives Exercises (*1-15) Answers (*1-15)'

'REVIEW of the preceding lessons':

'SUBJECT--THING(S)'	'ACTION'	'OBJECT--THING(S)'
'adjective/noun'	'verb/adverb'	'adjective/noun'
['singular/plural']	['one adds -li']	['same as the subject']
--/--s	--/--li	['one adds -s for the plural']
	--ed ['past']
	wil-- ['future']
	wud-- ['conditional']
Strong mën	kérïed ïzûli	big bëgi¥.
' '	' '	' .'

'To form the plural of nouns, one adds -s to its singular form; to form an adverb one adds -li to the adjective; to form the past tense, one adds -ed to the infinitive; to form the future tense one prefixes wil- to the verb; for the conditional the prefix placed before the infinitive is wud-.'

Strong mëns	kérïed [llevó]	ïzûli	big bëgû¥es.
Strong mëns	wil-këri [llevarán]	ïzûli	big bëgû¥es.
Strong mëns	wud-këri [llevarían]	ïzûli	big bëgû¥es.

'In questions, the voice rises at the end of the sentence; in its written form a question is indicated simply by placing a question mark [?] at the end of the sentence.'

'AFFIRMATION': Strong mën kérïed ïzûli big bëgi¥. 'Question': Strong mën kérïed ïzûli big bëgi¥? ' ?'

'The digraph 'ts' represents the sound for the letter c in such English words as: glance, dance, fence, sentence. Hence these words are written in Transitional English as follows: glënts, dënts, fents, séntûnts. It is important to remember that in Transitional English, except for the additional digraphs ch, sh, zh, one letter has only one phonetic value.'

'PREPOSITIONS': 'These are words that show a relationship between two different words: píkchr an wöl (picture on wall) ' '; pleyt an téybl (plate on table) ' '; kárpût ándr téybl (carpet under table) ' '; kófi with krïm ënd shúgr (coffee with cream and sugar) ' .'

'These twenty-sesven (27) prepositions, reduced from 54 in normal English, must be memorized in order to be recognized. They are unavoidable in the language and should be learned in the order in which they appear below.'

aráwnd (around)' ', ët (at) ' ', biför (before) ' ', biháynd (behind) ' ', bisáyd (beside) ' ', bisáyds (besides) ' ', bitwïn (between) ' ', bat (but) ' ', bay (by) ' ', dawn (down) ' ', dyúring (during) ' ', for (for) ' ', from (from) ' ', in (in) ' ', av (of) ' ', of (off) ' ', an (on) ' ', awt (out) ' ', óvr (over) ' ', layk (like) ' ', thru (through) ' ', tu (to) ' ', sints (since) ' ', ándr (under) ' ', antíl (until) ' ', ap (up) ' ', with (with) ' '.

'EXERCISES WITH PREPOSITIONS: Study the picture and the prepositions [in italics] in the following exercises.'

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VOKÉBYULERI (VOCABULARY) 'EQUIVALENT IN YOUR LANGUAGE (1)'

ántrey (entree), n. ' '
bowl (bowl), n. ' '
chër (chair), n. ' '
ëftr (after), prep. ' '
flët (flat), adj. ' '
fork (fork), n. ' '
lár¥r (larger), adj. ' '
left (left), n. ' '
nayf (knife), n. ' '
nëpkin (napkin), n. ' '
pleys (place), n. ' '
pleys mët (place mat), fr. ' '
pleyt (plate), n. ' '
rayt (right), n. ' '
sëlûd (salad), n. ' '
sit (sit), v. ' '
smöl (small), adj. ' '
spün (spoon), n. ' '
sup (soup), n. ' '
tap (top), n. ' '
téybl (table), n. ' '
wéytrûs (waitress), n. ' '

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'IN RESTAURANT'. ('The prepositions appear in red italic letters.')

• Ëftr wi sit ët téybl, wéytrûs put pleys-mët an téybl; flët pleyt an tap av mët, ënd sup bowl an tap av flët pleyt.
  ' .'

• Tu rayt av mët shi pleys nëpkin, nayf, ënd spün.
  ' .'

• Tu left av mët shi pleys tu forks; smölr fork for sëlûd ënd lár¥r wan for ántrey.
  ' .'

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  'CONTINUE   THE   EXERCISES   WITH     PREPOSITIONS:

  1. Wíndow bï an wöl bitwïn lëmp ënd píkchr.
  2. Bisáyd wíndow bï lëmp an left. It bï abav téybl.
  3. Píkchr bï bisáyd wíndow tu rayt.
  4. Téybl bï bisáyd wöl.
  5. Téybl bï ándr wíndow, lëmp, ënd píkchr.
  6. Tu chërs bï bisáyd téybl.
  7. Dhër bï kófi pat ënd wótr píchr an téybl.
  8. Wótr bï in píchr ënd kófi bï in kófi pat.
  9. Wéytrûs pör wótr from píchr in wótr glës.
  10. Wéytrûs kámed awt av kíchn. Shi góed bëk in kíchn.
  11. Wen shi kam awt shi bring füd ënd put it an téybl for wi.
  12. Av-ay frend sit an ádhr sayd av téybl.
  13. Ay ït sup with spün. Frend ït mït with fork.
  14. Ay drink wótr with mïl. Frend drink kófi with av-hi mïl.
  15. Hi drink kófi with krïm ënd shúgr.
  16. Sints wi layk füd, wi ït antíl wi nat kën ït mör.
  17. Av-ay frend nat hëv máni, bat ay, yes. Ay pey bil for hi.
  18. Ay lïv fayvtïn prsént tip for wéytrûs.
  19. Biháynd frend bï ádhr téybl ënd tu mör chërs.
  20. Biför wi lïv, wi sey gud nayt ënd thenk yu tu wéytrûs.

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  'EXERCISES (1-15)'. 'Answer the following questions in complete sentences in Transitional English':

  1. Wër bï téybl in réstrant?

  • 'Example of an answer': Téybl in réstrant bï bisáyd wöl.

  2. Hu sit an ádhr sayd av téybl from yu?

  3. Wat yu ït sup with?

  4. Wat frend ït with fork?          

  5. Hu bring füd tu yu from kíchn?

  6. Frend drink kófi with wat?

  7. In wat bï kófi dhet frend drink?

  8. Wíndow bï bitwïn wat?

  9. Wat bï tu rayt av wíndow?

  10. Wat bï tu left av wíndow?

  11. Wat yu ënd frend sit an?

  12. Wat kaynd av pleyts bï an mët?

  13. Wat yuténsls bï an rayt bisáyd pleyt?

  14. Wat yuténsls bï an left bisáyd pleyt?

  15. Haw big tip yu lïv for wéytrûs?

  

  'ANSWERS (1-15)'.

  1. Téybl in réstrant bï bisáyd wöl.

  2. Av-ay frend sit an ádhr sayd av téybl from ay.

  3. Ay ït sup with spün.

  4. Frend ït mït with fork.

  5. Wéytrûs bring füd tu wi from kíchn.

  6. Frend drink kófi with krïm ënd shúgr.

  7. Kófi dhet frend drink bï in kap.

  8. Wíndow bï bitwïn lëmp ënd píkchr.

  9. Tu rayt av wíndow bï píkchr.

  10. Tu left av wíndow bï lëmp.

  11. Frend ënd ay sit an chërs.

  12. An mët bï flët pleyt ënd sup bowl.

  13. An rayt bisáyd pleyt bï nayf ënd spün.

  14. An left bisáyd pleyt bï tu forks.

  15. Ay lïv fayvtïn prsént tip for wéytrûs.

  

  'TWO OBJECTS OF VERB. When a verb has two objects, one serves as the DIRECT OBJECT and the other as the INDIRECT OBJECT. The latter is usually preceded in Transitional English by the prepositions tu or for. Example: Ay giv máni tu hi.[' .'] Ay giv it tu hi. [' .'] Ay send máni kámed for hi. [' .'] Ay send Ii for hi. [' .']

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  VOKÉBYULERI (VOCABULARY) 'EQUIVALENT IN YOUR LANGUAGE (2)'

  aráyvl (arrival), n. ' '
  bas (bus), n. ' '
  bowt (boat), n. ' '
  chïpr (cheaper), adj. ' '
  dipárchr (departure), n. ' '
  ër (air), n. ' '
  éy¥ûnt (agent), n. ' '
  éy¥ûntsi (agency), n. ' '
  flayt (flight), n. ' '
  krüs (cruise), n. ' '
  pleyn (plane), n. ' '
  rawnd trip (round trip), fr. ' '
  rívr (river), n. ' '
  send (send), v. ' '
  ship (ship), n. ' '
  sints (since), conj. ' '
  tíkût (ticket), n. ' '
  tótl (total), n. ' '
  treyn (train), n. ' '
  túrist (tourist), n. ' '

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  DÁYALOG (DIALOGUE)	'TITLE IN YOUR LANGUAGE'
  (In trëvl éy¥ûntsi.) [In travel agency.]	('Equivalent in your language.')
  Éy¥ûnt.--Gud mórning, sr. (Good morning, sir.)	' '
  Túrist.--Gud mórning. Ay wud layk tu bay tu rawnd-trip tíkûts to Los Angeles [Los Én¥ûlûs]. (Good morning. I would like to buy two round-trip tickets to Los Angeles.)	' .'
  Éy¥ûnt.--Yes, sr. Bay ër, treyn, bas, or bay bowt? (Yes, sir. By air, train, bus, or by boat?)	' ?'
  Túrist.--Wat bï dífrnts? (What be difference?)	' ?'
  Éy¥ûnt.--Wel, treyn bï mör ekspénsiv dhën pleyn, bas bï chïpr, ënd bowt bï véri ekspénsiv. (Well, train be more expensive than plane, bus be cheaper, and boat be very expensive.)	' .'
  Túrist.--Sints wi bï naw in Cincinnati [Sinsinëti], haw yu wud send ay tu Los Angeles [Los Én¥ûlûs] bay bowt? (Since we be now in Cincinnati, how you would send I to Los Angeles by boat?)	' ?'
  Éy¥ûnt.--Bay rívrbowt tu New Orleans [Nyu Orlïns], ënd dhen bay krüs ship thru Panama Canal [Pënûma Kûnël] tu Los Angeles. (By riverboat to New Orleans, and then by cruise ship through Panama Canal to Los Angeles.)	' .'
  Túrist.--Ay think ay wil-go bay pleyn. (I think I will go by plane.)	' .'
  Éy¥ûnt.--Véri wel. Wi hëv spéshl prays: Cincinnati tu Los Angeles av $300 for rawnd trip. (Very well. We have special price: Cincinnati to Los Angeles of $300 for round trip.)	' .'
  Túrist.--Gud. Yu wil tel ay flayt námbrs, tayms av dipárchrs ënd aráyvl, ënd ay wil wrayt yu chek for tótl. (Good. You will tell I flight numbers, times of departure and arrival, and I will write you check for total.)	' .'

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  'COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES'. 'There are two ways of making comparisons: 1) by suffixes, or by 2) detached prefixes':

  1.a) chïp (cheap)	---'adjective'---	2.a) chïp (cheap)
  1.b) chïpr (cheaper)	---'comparative form' ---	2.b) mör chïp (more cheap)
  1.c) chïpest (cheapest)	---'superlative form'---	2.c) most chïp (most cheap)

  'In b) the comparison is made by adding -er to the adjective, or one can place the adverb mör (more) ' ' before the adjective. In c) the superlative is formed by adding -est to the adjetive, or one can place the adverb most (most) ' ' before the adjective.'

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  'EXERCISES (*1-15)'. 'TRASLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO TRANSITIONAL ENGLISH. First, we give the form in our native language, and then, as an aid, we present the sentence in the orthography of normal English':
  1. 'Translator: please place equivalent in learner's native language.' (After we sit at table, waitress put place mat on table.)

  2. ' .' (To left of mat she place two forks; smaller fork for salad and larger one for entree.)

  3. ' .' (Beside window be lamp on left. It be above table.)

  4. ' .' (Table be beside wall.)

  5. ' .' (Waitress pour water from pitcher to glass.)

  6. ' .' (When she come out, she bring food and put it on table for we.)

  7. ' .' (I eat soup with spoon. Friend eat meat with fork.)

  8. ' .' (He drink coffee with cream and sugar.)

  9. ' .' (I leave fiveteen [fifteen] percent tip for waitress.)

  10. ' .' (Before we leave, we say good night and thank you to waitress.)

  11. ' .' (Good morning. I would like [to] buy two round trip tickets to Los Angeles.)

  12. ' .' (Good. You will tell [to] I flight numbers, times of departure and arrival, and I will write [for] you check for total.)

  13. ' ?' (What utensils be on right, beside plate?)

  14. ' ?' (What be to right of window?

  15. ' ?' (Since we be now in Cincinnati, how you would send I to Los Angeles by boat?)

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  'ANSWERS (*1-15)':

  1. Ëftr wi sit ët téybl, wéytrûs put pleys mët an téybl.
  2. Tu left av mët she pleys tu forks; smölr fork for sëlûd ënd lár¥r wan for ántrey.
  3. Bisáyd wíndow bï lëmp an left. It bï abáv téybl.
  4. Téybl bï bisáyd wöl.
  5. Wéytrûs pör wótr from píchr tu glës.
  6. Wen shi kam awt, shi bring füd ënd put it an téybl for wi.
  7. Ay ït sup with spün. Frend ït mït with fork.
  8. Hi drink kófi with krïm ënd shúgr.
  9. Ay lïv fayvtïn prsént tip for wéytrûs.
  10. Biför wi lïv, we sey gud nayt ënd thenk yu tu wéytrûs.
  11. Gud mórning. Ay wud layk bay tu rawnd trip tikûts tu Los Angeles.
  12. Gud. Yu wil tel tu ay flayt námbrs, tayms av dipárchr ënd aráyvl, ënd ay wil wrayt for yu chek for tótl.
  13. Wat yuténsls bï an rayt, bisáyd pleyt?
  14. Wat bï tu rayt av wíndow?
  15. Sints wi bï naw in Cincinnati, haw yu wud send ay tu Los Angeles bay bowt?

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