Organizing Your Essay Using
the Classical System

1. Introduction (1-2 paragraphs)
   • Gain reader's attention and interest.
   • Make a claim about an issue that is debatable or controversial.
   • Establish common ground with readers.
   • State your thesis.
     
     
2. Background (1-2 paragraphs)
   • Present any necessary background information.
   • Qualify your claim, if necessary.
   • Explain the warrants (underlying assumptions) that connects your claim and your reasons. If warrant is controversial, provide backing for it.
     
     
3. Lines of Argument (2-4 paragraphs)
   • Provide grounds to support your claim (facts, statistics, testimony, the use of other logical, ethical, or emotional appeals).
   • Present reasons in order of importance.
   • Demonstrate ways your argument may be in the reader's best interest.
     
     
4. Consider Alternative Views (1-2 paragraphs)
   • Acknowledge and respond to possible counterarguments using conditions of rebuttal.
   • Note advantages and disadvantages of alternative views.
   • Explain why one view is better than others.
     
     
5. Conclusion (1-2 paragraphs)
   • Summarize your argument.
   • Elaborate the implications of your thesis.
   • Make it clear what you want readers to think or do.
   • Make a strong ethical or emotional appeal.