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PERSPECTIVES
Scientific
Perspective (Behaviorism) [EMPIRICAL]
Study constructs or theoretical
variables
Develop relational statements
positive?
inverse? or negative?
nonlinear
--- asymptotic or curvilinear?
Determine boundary conditions.
Establish operational
definitions which are testable.
Identify and test theories
which can explain, predict, and lead to the control of behavior.
Humanistic
Perspective (Phenomenology) [INTERPRETIVE]
Philosophical or
phenomenological
Interpretative
- Subjectivity
Communication
as a process and a practice
Simultaneous
actor and spectator
Describe how people understand
their
lived experience. (UNDERSTANDING)
METATHEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Epistemological
Assumptions
(TRUTH
- discovering Truth vs. creating multiple realities)
How do we know what we
know?
To what extent is knowledge
universal?
How does knowledge arise?
Reason?
(rationalism)
Observation?
(empiricism)
Experience?
(constructivism)
Is knowledge explicit?
Ontological
Assumptions
(HUMAN
NATURE--determinism vs. free will)
What is the nature of reality?
Do humans make real choices?
Are they passive/reactive?
(motion theory)
Do they have intentions/choices?
(action theory)
Are humans best understood
in terms of states or traits?
Situational or characteristics?
Axiological
Assumptions
(VALUES
- objectivity vs. emancipation)
What role do values play
in inquiry?
Does inquiry influence
what is studied?
Value-neutral? Value-conscious?
Value-laden?
Should inquiry attempt
to achieve social change? |