OBJECTIVES:
 1. Discuss the three approaches to the study of leadership.
 2. Describe the three styles of leadership.
 3. Explain the relationship between situational variables and the effectiveness of different leadership styles.
 4. Analyze a small group meeting and etermine which leadership behaviors will move the group toward its goal.
 5. Describe your own leadership style.
 6. Determine those situations in which you are most likely to be an effective leader.
 7. Identify the characteristics of effective group leadership.
 8. Explain the purpose of simulation in leadership training.
 9. Identify three transformational leadership skills.

This chapter provides information about the nature of leadership in groups to help you become a more effective group particiapnt and offers some specific suggestions to help you become an effective leader.

   I.  Leadership Defined
       Behavior that influences, guides, directs, or controls a group.

 II.   Trait Perspective:  Characteristics of Effective Leaders
         Personal attributes or qualities that leaders possess.      
 
III.   Functional Perspective:  Group Needs and Roles

     A.  Task Leadership - Types of Communicative Behaviors
          1.  Initiating
          2.  Coordinating
          3.  Summarizing
          4.  Elaborating

     B.  Process Leadership
          1.  Tension Release
          2.  Gatekeeping
          3.  Encouraging
          4.  Mediating

 IV.  Situational Perspective:  Adapting Style to Context
         Accomodates leadership behaivors, task needs, and process needs as well as taking
         into account leadership style and situation.

          Leadership Styles
          1.  Authoritarian
          2.  Democratic
          3.  Laissez-Faire

  V.  Case Studies
     A.  Fiedler's Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness
     B.  Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Model
     C.  Some Oberservations on the Situational Approach to Leadership
     
VI.  Transformational Leadership:  Four Defining Characteristics
     A.  Idealized Leadership
     B.  Inspirational Motivation
     C.  Intellectual Stimulation
     D.  Individual Consideration

VII.  Emergent Leadership in Small Groups
     A.  The Minnesota Studies (Ernest Bormann)
     B.  Leadership and Gender
           The most effective leader is an androgynous individual who can draw from a 
           repertoire of both traditionally male and female behaviors
 
VIII.  Leadership Training
     A.  Instruction to Develop Skills
     B.  Simulation- a structured exercise that creates conditions that participants 
                              might confront outside the training environment.
 
IX.   Putting Principle into Practice:  Four Kinds of Problem-Solving Formats
     A.  Strategies for Effective Group Leadership
     B.  Task Process Leadership Questionnaire (pp. 330-331)