LEAVES
1. Node-point of attachment of the leaf to the stem, location for an axillary bud. Remember, that an axil is the angle formed between the leaf blade and the stem.
Most lateral buds arise in the leaf axils and these buds develop into inflorescences or shoots that become branches.

2.  Internode-section of the stem between two nodes

3. LEAF-two principal parts: blade and the petiole (a leaf without a petiole is sessile).
Simple leaf-consisting of a single blade
Compound leaf-more than one blade, consisting of leaflets or pinnae.
Do you know the difference between a petiole and a rachis?
 4.  Spines: modified leaves designed for defense.  In Acacia, the leafy stipules become the spines.

STEMS
Classified as either herbaceous or woody.
herbaceous stems: typically green and relatively soft, found in annuals
woody stems: hard, found in perennial plants
Remember, in a cactus-the stem is typically flattened and green and the leaves are absent or rudimentary.  Such a stem is called a cladode. Stems are also succulent with considerable water-storing ability.

Tuber: fleshy underground stem with vegetative buds capable of producing a new shoot.
Rhizomes: underground stems that run parallel to the ground and give raise to aerial shoots (asexual reproduction) periodically.
Corms have a lot of stem tissue as compared to a bulb-which is more leafy in nature.

POLLINATION
 Many plants are wind pollinated including the conifers, grasses, birches, alders, and oaks.  They produce copious amounts of pollen.  The stigmas of wind-pollinated plants are commonly large and feathery to enhance pollen-trapping ability.
Insects are the most important pollinators of angiosperm flowers.  They visit the flower for the nectar and pollen rewards, but incidentally perform the function of transferring the immature male gametophyte to the stigma.  Insects locate flowers by odor primarily but are also guided by color and overall shape.

Bees preferentially visit yellow or blue flowers, whereas moths, which emerge in the evening, are attracted to white or cream flowers, which are more discernible at that time. In contrast, the flowers of wind-pollinated plants are typically minute, green, or brown, often with no petals and lacking nectar.
 

Do you know the difference between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma?  Can you think of them as moving along some kind of continuum, i.e. do they possess characteristics that change as you move from one tissue type to anyone?

Do you know the difference between primary and secondary tissues?  Can you describe the difference between an apical meristem and a vascular cambium?  How about the difference between the vascular and cork cambia?
HAVE YOU READ AND STUDIED ALL OF THE WEB PAGES THAT ACT AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE LECTURE AND TEXT?

IF I PROVIDED YOU WITH A DRAWING OF A TWIG, COULD YOU LABEL ALL OF THE APPROPRIATE PARTS?

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU SPEND TIME STUDYING THE FORMATION OF THE MATURE MALE AND FEMALE GAMETOPHYTES FOR A MODERN ANGIOSPERM AND THAT YOU HAVE AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHEN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS ENTER THE PICTURE AND THE EFFECT THAT THEY HAVE.

IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS WHEREBY THE EMBRYO MATURATES AND THE GERMINATION OF THE NEWLY EMERGING SEED
 
 
 

IF YOU HAVE ENJOYED YOUR INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS THIS SEMESTER AND ARE NOW READY TO REALLY LEARN SOMETHING ABOUT THESE FASCINATING ORGANISMS..........
 DON'T FORGET TO GIVE SOME THOUGHT TO BIO.PLS 444  (4 CREDIT HOURS) FOR THE SPRING SEMESTER.  THERE WILL BE THREE, PROBABLY  FOUR WEEKEND FIELD TRIPS, ONE OVERNIGHT BUT NOT COMPULSORY AS PART OF THE CLASS. YOU WILL BE GIVEN COMPENSATION TIME ON TUESDAY AND THURSDAY TO MAKE UP FOR THE EXTRA TIME SPENT IN THE FIELD.
STOP BY FUNKHOUSER 224 AND TALK WITH DR. ROSENTHAL OR SEE DR. BUSH AFTER CLASS TO FIND OUT MORE ABOUT THIS OFFERING.   


OVERNIGHT AT THE GORGE 
JOIN US FOR A  BOTANICAL WALK ON SATURDAY, 15, NOVEMBER AT THE GORGE.  WE PLAN TO SLEEP OVER AND RETURN TO LEXINGTON ON SUNDAY.  IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN JOINING US-COME WITH YOUR GEAR TO THE CRACKER BARREL ON WINCHESTER RD A LITTLE BEFORE 9:00 ON SATURDAY FOR BREAKFAST.  BRING FOOD FOR LUNCH AND DINNER.  WATER WILL BE PROVIDED FOR THE EVENING MEAL.
THIS IS NOT AN OFFICIAL UK FUNCTION-IT'S JUST FOR PLANT AND OUTDOOR LOVERS.  BRINGING A FRIEND SUCH AS A DOG OR SIGNIFICANT OTHER IS FINE-BRINGING SOME KIND OF BOTANICAL KEY FOR ALL OF US TO SHARE IS BETTER.

ONLY TWO RULES: DRINK IN MODERATION AND NO ILICIT DRUGS.