The IPM trapping network at the UK- Research and Education Center in Princeton, KY has detected a larger than normal flight of fall armyworm (FAW) moths. Capture of moths has increased over the last several weeks. It is above average and much larger than anything seen in the last several years.
This does not necessarily mean that there will be an outbreak of fall armyworm. Trap captures are not directly related to numbers of worms. They are only an indicator of the population change. However, it does mean that producers should be checking any crops that would be susceptible to such an outbreak.
Fall armyworm has a very wide host range, feeding on several crops that are produced in Kentucky. Here are some examples of what could be at risk
In most instances FAW is not difficult to control this late in the season. Most often injury results because no one is looking for the pest, and damage occurs before it is discovered.
Pre-harvest contamination of corn with fumonisins is a possibility in some lots of this year's Kentucky corn crop. Fumonisins are a family of mycotoxins which have the potential to cause lethal diseases of horses and swine (the diseases are equine luekoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema, respectively).
Pre-harvest contamination of corn by fumonisins is most often associated with drought stress at the silking stage, which many fields experienced in 2005. In fields in both Western Kentucky and the Bluegrass region, I recently have seen symptoms of Fusarium kernel rot, the rot typically associated with fumonisins. Kernels often exhibit salmon-pink to reddish discoloration on uninjured kernel caps. Symptoms of Fusarium kernel rot usually occur scattered throughout the ear on individual kernels or groups of kernels. The rot can also be associated with insect injury. Once symptoms develop, the pathogen sometimes continues to spread on the ear and form a heavy cottony mycelial growth that can consume the entire ear, especially if there is moisture under the shuck. Maturing ears which were pointing upright during the heavy rains associated with Tropical Storm Katrina as it passed through Kentucky may have absorbed moisture, especially if there was some opening of the husk due to birds or other animals. This combination of mid-season drought and heavy rains during maturation could spell trouble for some fields.
Recommendations
It is advisable to scout corn fields for evidence of Fusarium ear rot, by walking fields and peeling the shuck of a sample of ears. Fields with moderate to high levels of Fusarium ear rot should be considered for harvest at 25-27% moisture content and drying to below 16% within a day or two of harvest. Current high prices for liquid propane and natural gas coupled with low corn prices make this a difficult decision, so scouting to determine which fields have the highest risk seems advisable.
Unfortunately, it is difficult to say how much Fusarium ear rot is too much in a given field, since mycotoxin levels in grain often don't correlate well to amounts of kernel rot. However, if 2-5% or more of the ears have symptoms like those pictures in Figure 1 of ID-121 (cited below), that would probably justify a quick harvest/drydown. A drydown may be justified for lots destined for food use, just from the quality-control standpoint.
While scouting for Fusarium ear rot, also look for olive-green mold typical of Aspergillus ear rot, especially on knolls of hills or other droughty areas. Aspergillus ear rot can result in aflatoxin contamination. This ear rot is most likely when corn is subject to severe drought stress during grain fill. However, the widespread soaking that Western and Central Kentucky received in early August from the remnants of Hurricane Dennis may have spared most crops from Aspergillus infection.
Questionable lots of corn should be tested for mycotoxins before feeding, especially to sensitive animals.
Producers should be aware that fumonisins can often be found at higher concentrations in injured and broken kernels than in sound kernels. Producers who clean their corn are advised not to feed screenings to livestock, since these pose the greatest risk. Many of the cases of poisonings of horses and swine from fumonisins in the Midwest result from feeding of screenings to livestock.
Sources of Additional Information
More information on fumonisin is available in the UK Extension publication ID-121, Fumonisin, Vomitoxin,
and Other Mycotoxins in Corn Produced by Fusarium Fungi, available at
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id121/id121.pdf.
More information on aflatoxins is available in the publication ID-59, Aflatoxins in Corn, at http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id59/id59.pdf.
An Excel spreadsheet entitled Cost of Harvest Losses and Heated Air Drying at http://www.bae.uky.edu/ext/Grain_Storage/Calculators/ should help producers in making decisions about drying costs.
Some of the laboratories where mycotoxin testing is performed include those listed in a publication available at: http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/ext_files/PPFShtml/PPFS-MISC-01%2803-05%29.pdf
Commercially available test kits for mycotoxin testing are listed in an Extension publication at: http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/ext_files/PPFShtml/ppfsagc3.pdf.
For information about corn pests, visit
"Insect Management Recommendations".
Below is an excellent summary article written by Dr. Anne Dorrance, Ohio State University, entitled "Fungicide/Pesticide Storage". The article appeared in the Aug 1 - Aug 9, 2005 edition of the C.O.R.N Newsletter*.
As the 2005 growing season comes rapidly to a close, knowing how to handle and store fungicides through the winter months may be an important topic.
Fungicide/Pesticide Storage
by Dr. Anne Dorrance,
Extension Plant Pathologist, Ohio State University
It appears that there maybe some fungicide storage issues for this winter in light of the fact that soybean rust may not be an issue for the 2005 season. Here are some tips from Cornell, Ohio State University and North Carolina State University.
From the Pesticide Management Education Program at Cornell University (http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/facts-slides-self/index.html)
The following are some suggestions for safe storage:
Growers storing pesticides should always consider safety and product quality, whether storage is for a few weeks or a year or more. It is best not to have leftover pesticides. However, there are usually surplus pesticides left over at the end of the season and preseason purchases often are very economical.
The following points should be followed:
From North Carolina State (http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/pesticides/) - this fact sheet focuses on storage and handling facilities - on farm - primarily related to protected farm water sources (wells). In addition, they outline the following:
Pesticides should always be stored in sound, properly labeled, original containers. Each container should be labeled with the following:
Sound containers are your first defense against a spill or leak. If a container is accidentally ripped open or knocked off a shelf, the spill should be confined to the immediate area and cleaned up promptly.
Steel shelves are easier to clean than wood if a spill occurs. Shelves for smaller containers should have a lip to keep the containers from sliding off.
Store dry products above liquids to prevent wetting from spills. Provide pallets to keep large drums or bags off the floor.
Keep pesticides separate to prevent cross-contamination. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides should be kept on separate shelves or areas.
Pesticide storage areas must be kept free from combustible materials (such as petroleum products) or other operations that present a fire hazard (such as welding).
A pesticide storage area cannot be closer than 50 feet to a private well and 100 feet to a public well.
*C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State University.
For more information about soybean pests, visit
"Insect Management Recommendations".
The 70 bushels per acre state yield average for wheat in Kentucky in 2005 confirms the overall lack of disease we saw in most wheat fields in Kentucky this spring. One disease that was a considerable concern in some fields this spring, is stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis.
Historically, stripe rust has primarily affected wheat in cooler climate areas, like the Pacific Northwest. However, beginning in the 1990's we began to see an upturn in stripe rust in states like Louisiana and Arkansas that cannot be described as "cool". Last year we had some fields in Kentucky that would have been seriously hurt by the disease if a foliar fungicide had not been deployed. Other soft red winter wheat states also reported a significant increase in stripe rust in recent years, especially during 2005.
This movement of stripe rust into new areas is apparently the result of the development of a new race (s) that has blown into the U.S. from Mexico. All evidence at this time suggests that we will now be dealing with stripe rust on a more regular basis, much the same as we do with leaf rust (caused by P. recondita). My experience, thus far, is that the modern foliar fungicides we have available for wheat disease control all do a pretty good job in managing stripe rust. However, a more efficient and economical way to manage stripe rust is by the use of resistant varieties.
Many currently available soft red winter wheat varieties have good to excellent resistance against stripe rust. Stripe rust ratings were made in Kentucky this year and this information can be gleaned from the 2005 Kentucky Small Grain Variety Performance Test publication, available through your local county Extension office, or on-line at www.uky.edu/ag/WheatVarietyTest.
See "Insect Management Recommendations" for more wheat pest information.
Sorghum webworms prefer cool, wet weather during late summer and early fall. As with all the major pest of grain sorghum, it is the late planted fields that will suffer the most damage.
The adult webworm is a small (1/2 inch) white moth which lays eggs at night on hosts such as sorghum, Sudan grass, Johnson grass, broom corn and rye. These eggs hatch in about five days and the resulting green, bristly larvae. Of the three head feeding caterpillars on sorghum, (corn earworm, sorghum webworm, and fall armyworm), the sorghum webworm has by far the most hairs and spines.
Sorghum webworms complete their development (1/2 inch) in 15 days. About four weeks are required to complete a life cycle. The generation which appears in September is the most damaging to late planted sorghum.
Generally, webworms do most of their feeding while the grain is in the milk to soft dough stage. Like the corn earworm, they prefer varieties that produce compact heads. Webworms feed on the developing grain for the most part, partially hollowing out and consuming many grains. Small, white fecal droppings indicate fairly heavy infestations of sorghum webworms. These droppings also increase the likelihood of molds and fungi.
Examine at least 20 heads starting when the plants are in bloom until completion of soft dough stage. Shake each head into a white cloth or plastic bag. Count the number of worms.
Economic Threshold Average of 2 or more small worms per head. If insecticidal control is necessary see ENT-24, Insecticide Recommendations for Grain Sorghum(MILO) available from your County Extension Agent, or on line at:
http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/PAT/recs/rechome.htm
This information relates to the article:
Johnson, Doug. Quick Review of Currently Available Stored Grain Insecticides. Kentucky Pest News, No.1070, Aug 22, 2005.
Please note the following clarification and make any changes in your use plans as appropriate.
I have heard from FMC, representatives as follows: "We can not use [TalstarOne] in grain bins where grain is to be stored. We do not have the proper tolerance for stored grain. It can be used around granaries for general pest control, but not inside the grain bin."
FMC evidently does not intend for this product to be used in stored grain situations and does not support this use. My suggestion is that you not use this product in conjunction with your stored grain pesticide program.
I offer my thanks to FMC for clarifying this situation.
For more information about crop and livestock pests, visit
"Insect Management Recommendations".
Products containing fixed copper as the active ingredient are a staple for many of our vegetable crops and are used primarily for control of certain bacterial and fungal diseases. The pesticidal properties of copper have been known for hundreds of years. The first product formulated specifically for control of plant diseases was Bordeaux mixture, a preparation of copper sulfate and hydrated lime developed by P.M.A. Millardet around 1885. Around this time, grape growers in Bordeaux, France, were treating their crops with a crude mixture of copper and lime to discourage pilferage by locals. Millardet observed that where this mixture had been applied, less downy mildew (a disease that was ravaging grapes at that time) was present. By combining the right proportions of copper sulfate and hydrated lime, Millardet was able to maximize disease control and minimize phytotoxicity. Bordeaux mixture remains an important fungicide/bactericide to this day, along with a number of other copper-based materials.
Soluble coppers, such as copper sulfate pentahydrate and copper TEA, are extremely toxic to most plants and are used as herbicides and algaecides. This is why we use "fixed" coppers as fungicides/bactericides. It is necessary to add a safening ingredient such as hydrated lime to enable the use of copper as a pesticide without risking serious phytotoxicity. All commercially available copper fungicides are essentially formulations that allow for gradual release of biologically active copper ion (Cu++) on treated surfaces to (1) provide sufficient active ingredient to suppress bacteria and fungi and (2) limit plant damage.
Copper pesticides offer a number of advantages to vegetable growers: low expense, good residual activity, and broad-spectrum activity against a number of plant-pathogenic bacteria and fungi. In fact, our only practical chemical options against bacterial diseases are copper products. While not as effective as broad-spectrum materials such as EBDC fungicides or chlorothalonil, coppers make a good tank-mix or rotation partner for products such as azoxystrobin to help slow the development of resistance in pathogen populations. It is common to see "use a fixed copper" in our recommendations to growers, and it is often assumed that one copper material is as good as another. Thus, most growers purchase the cheapest product.
It turns out that all copper fungicides are not created equal, to rob a phrase from our Founding Fathers. Each varies in the efficiency in which Cu++ is released, and this relates to the chemical form of copper used in the product along with its formulation, which affects efficacy down the road. There are a number of materials on the market today, based upon five copper compounds:
basic copper sulfate < copper oxychloride / copper ammonium complex / copper tallate < copper hydroxide
This means that, in general, products containing copper hydroxide as the active ingredient release more Cu++ than products containing copper oxychloride or basic copper sulfate. Formulation is an important factor to consider as well - many copper products are hard to keep in suspension and can be hard on pumps and nozzles. In general, Bordeaux mixture and dry-flowables such as Champ DF or Kocide 2000 are the easiest to mix, allowing for good, uniform coverage of plant surfaces. The latter can be more expensive up front, but can actually save a grower money over time because of better efficacy (meaning less product used) and reduced wear and tear on equipment and nozzles compared to some of the less-expensive copper fungicides.
The warm, rainy weather associated with Tropical Storm Katrina as it moved through the state resulted in some brow patch activity in tall fescue and other swards. In tall fescue lawns and landscapes, one will see patches of varying sizes with straw-colored foliage. A closer look at leaf blades reveals lesions that are initially olive-green but quickly turn straw-colored. These lesions are irregular or raggedy in shape and have a thin brown border.
In lawns and landscapes, there is no reason to treat these outbreaks with fungicides at this time. A normal and recommended application of high-nitrogen fertilizer will allow the turf to outgrow the damage. For more information on lawn fertility, see the Extension publication, Lawn Fertilization in Kentucky, AGR-53, available at Extension offices or at http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr53/agr53.pdf.
Following the extended moist period associated with Hurricane Katrina, samples of plants with foliar necrosis began to appear in the Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. Dead leaves and necrotic leaf blotches on these plants appeared mainly on interior foliage. The fungus Rhizoctonia was detected microscopically in the dead tissues and in some cases, fungal mycelium could be observed on stems and branches. The appearance of symptoms in early September coincided with the six consecutive days of precipitation and high humidity with warm temperatures experienced at the end of August throughout much of Kentucky. For most locations, the greatest rainfall occurred on August 30 as remnants of Hurricane Katrina passed through the state.
Rhizoctonia web blight, also called foliar blight or aerial blight, is a foliar disease of many ornamental plants. It develops during warm, humid periods, when sclerotia or hyphae of the pathogen surviving in debris are splashed into the plant canopy. Hyphae can also grow up the stem from the soil surface. When web blight is active, hyphae of the Rhizoctonia fungus can be seen growing in the plant canopy. Leaves may become water soaked and necrotic and may fall to the soil surface or become matted to the stems by fungal hyphae. Web blight occurs most frequently on plants with dense foliage or plants that are closely spaced, as in a nursery or greenhouse. Both types of Rhizoctonia, the multinucleate R. solani, and the binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. can cause web blight disease.
Most of the web blight observations made last week were from nursery specimens of very densely growing chrysanthemum with much of the inner foliage dead. Good chrysanthemum cultivars often form a very dense ball with little air space between leaves. The disease was also observed on holly and impatiens in the laboratory and landscape. It should also be noted that many landscapes with tall fescue showed patches or streaks in the lawn with bleached-out (dead) leaf tips, symptoms of Rhizoctonia brown patch disease. Rhizoctonia web blight has a wide host range and can be found most commonly in the nursery and greenhouse, and also in the landscape. Affected host plants include azalea, cotoneaster, crape myrtle, English ivy, gardenia, holly, impatiens, juniper, nandina, oleander, privet, pittosporum and raphiolepsis.
Disease management is best done by use of good plant spacing and judicious water management so that foliage is kept well ventilated, dry, and exposed to sunlight. Sanitation is also important where a focus of infection threatens to spread to nearby healthy plants. Diseased plants should be removed from the greenhouse or nursery block. Where plant space is at a premium, fungicides may be needed to prevent web blight disease. Applications should be made in advance of warm, rainy periods and repeated as needed. For the susceptible host plants, there do not appear to be any resistant cultivars.
During a survey for Phytophthora ramorum in England a new Phytophthora species was isolated from a bleeding canker on a beech tree and from Rhododendron ponticum from two separate sites in the county of Cornwall. This new species was initially informally named Phytophthora taxon C (PtC), and in 2005 was described and formally named Phytophthora kernoviae. The species name kernoviae is derived from the word Kernow the name for Cornwall in Cornish, an ancient Celtic language.
P. kernoviae causes symptoms on the aerial parts of shrubs and trees. Bleeding cankers similar to those caused by P. ramorum can develop on tree hosts, and on shrub hosts symptoms vary from necrosis of the tip of the leaf to necrosis of leaf petioles that may extend to the base of the leaf and affect the entire leaf. Leaf symptoms and shoot dieback may develop on the leaves of tulip trees, and on magnolia trees these symptoms are seen on leaves and buds. As of May 2005 P. kernoviae has been found associated with bark necrosis and bleeding stem lesions on European beech (Fagus sylvatica), English oak (Quercus robur) and tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), and foliar necrosis and wilting on rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum, Rhododendron catawbiense, R. yakushimanum and rhododendron hybrids). It has also been found associated with foliar necrosis on magnolia (Magnolia spp.), Pieris formosa, Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana), Camellia spp., Michelia (Michelia doltsopa), winter's bark (Drimys winteri), and holm oak (Quercus ilex).
The biology of P. kernoviae is not well understood, it is distinct from P. ramorum and does not seem to be related to it, although the reproductive structures and behavior in the environment are similar. Localized spread from leaf to leaf is thought to be by water in rain splash and droplets in mist and fog, and long distance dispersal may occur by movement of infected or contaminated plant materials, growing media and soil. P. kernoviae is the latest of several invasive pathogens identified in the United Kingdom, and like P. ramorum, its origin is presently unknown although there is speculation that it may have originated somewhere in the Himalayas.
The impact of P. kernoviae will depend on its distribution, and so far its known distribution is limited to some woodland locations in Cornwall in England, a single garden/nursery location in south Wales and a nursery in Cheshire in England. Since 2004 survey samples that are tested for P. ramorum are also tested for P. kernoviae, and the number of confirmed finds of P. kernoviae are relatively low. Current control policy in the United Kingdom is to eradicate the pathogen in disease management zones and in affected nurseries. All European Union states have received notification of the new Phytophthora and some states will also start surveying for it.
To avoid the introduction of this pathogen into the United States, the USDA has notified the European Union that as of April 1st, of 2005, measures similar to those in place for importation into the United States of plants that are hosts of P. ramorum, are now also required for plants that are hosts to P. kernoviae. Nurseries wishing to export P. kernoviae host plants to the United States are required to have an annual survey to determine that the nursery is free from this pathogen, and the following genera of propagative material will be regulated: Fagus sp., Gevuina sp., Liriodendron sp., Michelia sp., Magnolia sp., Pieris sp., Quercus sp., Rhododendron sp.
If you haven't already begun receiving calls about yellowjackets, you will shortly. During late-summer and fall, yellowjacket colonies are nearing maturity and huge numbers of workers are out foraging for food for the developing queens. With insect prey (their usual diet) becoming scarce, yellowjackets scavenge widely for other sources of nutrition. They're particularly fond of sweets, e.g., fruit, soft drinks, ice cream, beer, but will also feed on meats, potato salad, and just about anything we eat. The persistent foraging of yellowjackets at picnics and other outdoor activities prompts many calls from homeowners and businesses, wanting to know what can be done to alleviate the problem. Here are their options:
1. Sanitation - The best way to reduce the threat of foraging yellowjackets is to minimize attractive food sources. People eating outdoors should keep food and beverages covered until ready to be eaten. Spills and leftovers should be cleaned up promptly. Trash cans should be equipped with tight-fitting, preferably, self-closing lids. Similar sanitation recommendations should be made to commercial establishments, including ice cream parlors, outdoor cafes, and produce stands. Whenever possible, trash cans and dumpsters should be located away from serving tables, doors, and other high-traffic areas. Trash cans should be equipped with a plastic liner and emptied and cleaned frequently.
Maintaining high levels of sanitation throughout the summer will make areas less attractive to yellowjackets later in the fall. This strategy is especially useful for parks and other outdoor recreation areas. Apples and other fallen tree fruits should be raked up and discarded.
2. Avoidance - Combined with sanitation, avoidance is the best advice in most situations. Yellowjackets foraging away from their nests are seldom aggressive and usually will not sting unless provoked. People should resist the temptation to "swat" at the wasps; most stings occur when foragers are slapped or trapped against skin. Be extremely careful when drinking from beverage cans into which a foraging yellowjacket may have crawled. Swelling resulting from a wasp sting inside the mouth can be life threatening. Avoidance may also be the best advice if a yellowjacket, hornet, or bumble bee nest is located in a tree or other out-of-the-way location. Yellowjacket colonies die off on their own in late autumn with the onset of cold weather. Abandoned nests are not reused and soon disintegrate.
3. Repellents - Standard mosquito repellents will not deter yellowjacket foraging, or reduce the chances of being stung. A dilute solution of ammonia and water (approximately 6 oz of ammonia per gallon of water), sprayed in and around trash cans and sponged onto outdoor eating tables will help to mask food odors and minimize attraction to these areas. Use household ammonia, not Clorox (bleach).
4. Traps - Yellowjacket traps of varying designs are sold at many lawn and garden shops. When properly baited and maintained, these traps (much like Japanese beetle traps) often attract and capture large numbers of yellowjackets. Unfortunately, the nests often contain thousands of foraging individuals and trapping a few hundred seldom results in a noticeable reduction in activity. If traps are used, position them around the periphery of the area you wish to protect; otherwise, you may attract more wasps than are trapped.
5. Insecticides - Elimination of yellowjackets is best accomplished by locating and destroying the nests. However, with foraging yellowjackets this is often impractical since the nest, or nests, may be located several hundred yards away. People still should inspect the area around their homes for nests. The best time to do this is during the daytime, when yellowjackets are entering and exiting the nest opening.
If the nest entrance can be located - typically underground in an abandoned rodent burrow, beneath rocks or landscape timbers, or in a stone wall or wall of a building - it often can be eliminated by applying an aerosol-type wasp and hornet spray into the nest opening. Dust formulations (such as Sevin, Drione or DeltaDust) also are effective, provided that a hand-held duster is used to puff the insecticide into the nest opening. A dry, empty liquid detergent bottle filled no more than halfway with dust and shaken before dispensing works fairly well in lieu of a commercial duster. A few pebbles or marbles added to the bottom of the bottle prevents the dust from caking. Dusts tend to be more effective than aerosols when the nest, itself, is located some distance from the entrance hole, as often occurs when yellowjackets construct nests in wall voids or deep within abandoned animal burrows.
Treatment should be performed at night, when most of the yellowjackets are in the nest and less active. Pinpoint the nest opening during the daytime, so you will remember where to direct your treatment after dark. Approach the nest slowly and do not shine the beam of your flashlight directly into the nest entrance as this may startle the wasps; instead, cast the beam to the side to illuminate the nest indirectly. If possible, place the light on the ground rather than in your hand. As with hornets, yellowjackets are extremely aggressive when the nest is disturbed. It's often prudent to refer homeowners to a professional pest control firm, particularly when access to the nest is difficult.
Wasp, hornet and yellowjacket stings can be life_threatening to persons who are allergic to the venom. People who experience extensive swelling, hives, dizziness, difficulty breathing or swallowing, wheezing, or similar symptoms of allergic reaction should seek medical attention immediately. Itching, pain and localized swelling can be reduced with antihistamines and an ice pack.
Recent samples in the Diagnostic Laboratory have included charcoal rot, soybean cyst nematode, and sudden death syndrome on soybean; virus complex on pumpkin; Cercospora leaf spot on turnip; and bacterial canker on tomato.
On ornamentals and turf, we have seen Rhizoctonia web blight and nutritional problems from high soil pH on chrysanthemum; Botryosphaeria canker and Verticillium wilt on maple; powdery mildew on dogwood; and Pythium root dysfunction on bentgrass.
UKREC-Princeton, KY, August 26-September 2, 2005| Corn Earworm
| 49
| European Corn Borer
| 1
| Southwestern Corn Borer
| 20
| Fall Armyworm
| 17
| | |
UKREC-Princeton, KY, September 2-9, 2005| Corn Earworm
| 45
| European Corn Borer
| 0
| Southwestern Corn Borer
| 17
| Fall Armyworm
| 55
| | |
View Princeton trap counts for the entire 2005 season at - http://www.uky.edu/Ag/IPMPrinceton/Counts/2005trapsfp.htm
Fulton County trap counts are available at -http://ces.ca.uky.edu/fulton/anr/Insect%20Counts.htm
For information on trap counts in southern Illinois visit the Hines Report at - http://www.ipm.uiuc.edu/pubs/hines_report/comments.html The Hines Report is posted weekly by Ron Hines, Senior Research Specialist, at the University of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Center.
NOTE: Trade names are used to simplify the information presented in this newsletter. No endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named.
Lee Townsend
Extension Entomologist