YEAR-END COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
The meetings below are convenient opportunities to receive continuing education credit before December 31, 1998. Note: All meeting schedules are listed in local time.
Commercial applicators need to attend 2 approved training meetings in 5 years to remain certified. Any questions about the number of meetings needed by an individual should be directed to the Division of Pesticides (502) 564-7274.
December 15 and 16- Kentuckiana Fertilizer and Ag Chemical Meeting, Radisson Hotel, Evansville, IN Categories 1, 10, and 12,
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The Kentucky Blue
Mold Warning System's URL address is:By William Nesmith
This is the second part, of a two part article, the first part was published in issue number 833 of Kentucky Pest News (November 23, 1998).
BLUE MOLD EPIDEMIC OF 1998:
Kentucky's
tobacco industry faced another close call with blue
mold in 1998, but escaped major losses from it,
overall. The blue mold threat presented in 1998 was
much more serious than most people realized.
Until mid June, the stage had been set well to favor blue mold. It again had been introduced and distributed widely with southern transplants. But, unlike most other recent epidemics, it was introduced into southwestern Kentucky and northwestern Tennessee, which positioned it directly into the prevailing wind paths that would spread it to nearly all of Kentucky. By mid June, blue mold was strategically positioned in Kentucky and with the explosive momentum to cause the kinds of losses experienced in 1995 and 1996 if disease favorable weather continued another 10-14 days. Fortunately, the weather suddenly changed to sunny and very hot for several days starting around June 20, stopping the epidemic. Although some communities continued to experience blue mold after this event, the `knock-out punch' was done.
Grower's efforts to control the diseases made an important contribution to reducing losses, especially in transplant production, but it is important to remember that the overall impact of their efforts in preventing an epidemic was minor when compared to the influence of weather. As a whole, growers were just moving too slowly and with too little attention to the details of foliar fungicide application to have avoided major losses from blue mold without a "weather-saving-event". Unless this is appreciated, the industry remains vulnerable, because it is likely to over-estimate the value of certain control approaches.
It is human nature to give credit to what ever was being done just before the disease stopped. Consequently, the number of "snake oil" treatments surfacing and the range of "short-cut" to otherwise effective protocols has increased markedly. As decisions are made for 1999, I urge growers to ask for the data supporting the recommendations. When you have those data, check very carefully the level of disease pressure involved with the test. Remember, the "school yard bully" looks strong until put to the real test!
Why did the mid-June, hot weather event have so much impact on limiting losses from blue mold? Because, those conditions were very destructive to the blue mold fungus at every stage in its life cycle (causing inoculum potential to plummet). In addition, this unfavorable weather for the disease occurred during the stage in crop development, when the plants are vulnerable to systemic development of blue mold in the field - the most destructive phase of the disease. After this brief very hot period, even in communities that returned to ideal weather for blue mold, it took three to four cycles of the pathogen (20-30 days later) before the fungus population returned to the damaging levels present prior to that "blue mold-stopping-event". However, by then, most of the crop was beyond the stage where systemic development of the infection could occur.
Most areas receiving major damage from blue mold in 1998, were either in western counties where serious plant damage had been sustained prior to the hot weather event, or were located in sites that did not reach such high temperatures, such as the northern counties or in shady sites. Coincidentally, this same hot weather event resulted in a sharp increase in losses from black shank, but this negative event was greatly outweighed by the benefits achieved in blue mold control.
LATE SEASON DROUGHT AND INFECTIOUS
DISEASES:
The late summer drought was another
weather event that played a significant role in how
diseases developed in 1998. Drought increased the
losses from black shank and other root diseases,
because the plants with diseased root systems were
less tolerant of drought. In addition, as the infected
plants became more stressed from the drought, they
became less able to tolerate the infections that had
occurred earlier and were more likely to be killed by
the stem diseases (black shank and soreshin). In
many cases, the plants were infected with the
soreshin pathogen (Rhizoctonia) when set to the
field.
Drought also reduced losses from blue mold by slowing foliar disease development during late July and early August, and stopping late summer outbreaks since leaves remained dry at night. But, even with the drought, yield losses from plants with systemic blue mold continued and would have been high had the mid-June weather events not developed as they did.
It is useful to compare 1998 with 1995, when we experienced high losses from blue mold. During that season, a more intense drought developed than in 1998, starting July 5. But, losses attributed to blue mold were high due to systemic blue mold sustained during the cool wet period from mid June to early July, resulting in lower leaf weight, higher stem diseases, and lodging. For example, in central Kentucky experimental plots, the yields of systemically-infected plants were reduced by 1300 lbs/A as compared to plants without systemic infections (having only the foliar phase of blue mold) while sustaining the same drought. In addition, the systemic infected plants developed lodging problems and were killed at much higher rates by black shank and soreshin.
Thus, as we prepare to make decisions for next year let's appreciate what really happened during the 1998 season, lest we act on ignorance!
A number of people have remarked to me about the lack of aphids in this fall's wheat crop. This seems at first glance to be somewhat of a surprise, given the long warm fall that we have had. I would guess that the cause is the hot and very dry August and September preceding this crop and the resulting delay in planting date in many areas. We commonly talk about the aphid's ability to over- winter, carrying BYDV into spring, but remember they must also 'over-summer'. This may be a very critical event for predicting aphids and BYDV presence in Kentucky wheat. Remember, no matter how 'nice' the fall or 'mild' the winter, if there are no aphids (and BYDV) present it doesn't make any difference how good the weather is for aphid growth and disease progress.
I just received a message from a colleague in Alabama (they operate a suction trap for aphids) stating that they have caught fewer aphids this year than in previous years. This just lends a little more weight to the concept.
Still, if we get very mild days late in the winter, you should check to see if aphids are present. The number required to cause a problem is very low, and aphids can reproduce very rapidly. As long as the temperature remains low, reproduction and movement will remain small but if temperatures climb populations can also increase. My guess is that we will be in pretty good shape but we need to continue to keep a look out.
We have seen several problems on greenhouse tomatoes lately, including early blight and a complex of viruses (tomato mosaic virus and potato virus X). We have also seen severe powdery mildew on tuberous begonia grown in the greenhouse, as well as powdery mildew on houseplants and greenhouse and outdoor roses. Cytospora canker and Sphaeropsis tip blight were diagnosed on pines.
This issue concludes the 1998 series of Kentucky Pest News (KPN) and marks the end of the 22nd year of inclusion of disease information in KPN. The major objective has been to provide timely information on anticipated and occurring diseases in Kentucky. Any comments (favorable or critical) readers may have regarding KPN (i.e., format, subject matter, coverage, timeliness, etc.) may be directed to KPN authors: John Hartman, William Nesmith, Don Hershman, and Paul Vincelli, Extension Plant Pathologists; Paul Bachi and Julie Beale, Plant Diagnosticians. The above authors appreciate the efforts of colleagues who have co- authored topics in KPN; and Pat Yancey for typing, proofreading, and transmitting KPN.
The final issue of KPN 1998, like final issues of previous years, contains an index of all plant disease topics covered during the current year. The index is alphabetized according to each crop or other subject matter. After each crop, each disease that was discussed the past year is listed with the appropriate PNA issue number(s). KPN issue numbers in parenthesis () refers to a listing of the crop or disease in the "Diagnostic Lab Highlights" section. We wish each of our readers a Cheerful Holiday and Peace and Prosperity in 1999.
Crown rot complex - (819)
Fusarium crown rot - (820)
Lepto leaf spot - (812), (816), (817), (818)
Phytophthora root rot - (818), (819), (824)
Rhizoctonia crown rot - (817), (819)
Sclerotinia crown and stem rot - 802, (803)
Spring black stem - (816), (818)
Spring freeze injury - 805
Variety selection - 803
Corn -
Aflatoxin - 827
Anthracnose - (819)
Chemical injury - (823)
Fungicides for Gray leaf Spot - 799, 809
Gibberella stalk rot - (828)
Gray leaf spot - 806, (823), (825), (827)
Herbicide damage - (816), (819)
Stenocarpella ear rot - (828), (829)
Stewart's wilt - (823), (824)
Zinc deficiency - (819), (822), (823)
Ageratum - Powdery Mildew - (814)
Annuals - Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot - 819
Begonia - Impatiens necrotic spot virus - (816)
Chrysanthemum - Pythium root rot - (825)
Rhizoctonia stem rot - (828)
Septoria leaf spot - (828)
Clematis - Ascochyta canker - (816)
Leaf spot and stem rot - 825
Daisy - Anthracnose - (817)
English ivy - Bacterial spot - (814), (823), (829)
Anthracnose - (829)
Geranium - Iron toxicity - (810)
Oedema - (810)
Rust - (822)
Hollyhock - Rust - (813)
Hosta - Colletotrichum leaf spot - (829)
Southern stem blight - (820)
Iris - Bacterial soft rot - (813)
Diseases - 817
Heterosporium leaf spot - (817)
Leaf rust - (817)
Oriental Lily - Rhizoctonia stem rot - (820)
Pachysandra - Volutella blight - (832)
Pansy - Colletotrichum leaf spot - (832)
Pythium root rot - (832)
Peony - Bud blast (physiological) - (820)
Cladosporium leaf spot - (814)
Petunia - Black root rot - (822)
Pythium root rot - (825)
Rhizoctonia stem rot and crown rot - (817), (820), (825)
Phlox - INSV - (816)
Oedema - (821)
Powdery mildew - (820)
Poinsettia - Pythium root rot - (832)
Rhizoctonia crown rot - (825)
Rose - Black spot - (824)
Mosaic virus - (828)
Rosette - (814), (816)
Snapdragon - Rhizoctonia root/stem rot - (823)
Vinca - Botrytis blight - (816)
Phoma stem blight - (832)
Phytophthora aerial blight - (817)
Genetic control of Diseases - 807
Apple -
Bitter rot - (825), (827)
Cedar apple rust - 812, (820), (825)
Fire blight - 805
Freeze injury - (807)
Frogeye leaf spot - (812), 814, (815)
Pythium root rot - (817)
Scab - 805, (814), (822), (826)
White rot - (813), (822)
Blackberry -
Cane blight - (822)
Orange rust - (814)
Rust - (812)
Blueberry -
Phytophthora Root Rot (803)
Cherry -
Bacterial canker - (813), (820)
Bacterial leaf spot - (818)
Crown Rot - 819
Freeze injury - (821)
Leaf spot - (823)
Powdery mildew - (820)
Grape -
Anthracnose - (820)
Black rot - (813), (816), (818), (820), (821)
Disease management with Abound - 800
Powdery mildew - (825)
Nectarine -
Peach leaf curl - (814)
Peach -
Brown rot - (818), (823), (824)
Brown rot blossom blight - 805
Freeze injury - (821)
Leaf curl - (808), (810), (813), (814)
Scab - (820)
Pears -
Bacterial blight - (815)
Freeze Injury - (809)
Plum -
Black knot - 800, 805
Brown rot blossom blight - 805
Freeze injury - (807), (809)
Plum pockets - (814)
Raspberry -
Anthracnose - (816), (822)
Septoria leaf spot - (821), (822)
Strawberry -
Black root rot - (820)
Common leaf spot - (817), (829)
Fruit rots - 810
Leaf scorch - (829)
Mock-strawberry diseases a threat to strawberries? - 810
Slime molds - (823)
Wet weather and disease - 811
Bluestone-lime - 805
Ferbam - 806, 807
Ronilan label changes - 824
Status of Acrobat MZ - 802
Tilt for wheat - 804, 805, 806, 809
Tobacco fungicides require additional and special tests before labeling - 832
Vanguard WG for tree fruits and grapes - 815
Air pollution injury - 823
Bacterial leaf spot diseases - 823
Emerging plant growth is vulnerable to spring diseases - 806
Biological control agents - 830
Geraniums -
Pythium root rot - (806)
Ornamentals -
Chemical damage - 805
Sedum Pellicularia crown rot - (806)
Tomato Fusarium crown and root rot - 830
Azalea -
Leaf/flower gall - (812)
Phytophthora root and stem rot - (824)
Ash -
Anthracnose - (812), (813)
Austrian Pine -
Brown spot - (807)
Boxwood -
Freeze injury - (809)
Pseudonectria canker - (823), (827)
Beech -
Hypoxylon canker (805)
Birch -
Anthracnose - (815)
Marssonina leaf spot - (823)
Conifer -
needle problems - 812
Stress symptoms - (832)
Crabapple -
Freeze injury (809)
Christmas trees -
diseases - 808
Disease controls -
813
Disease resistant trees -
801
Dogwood -
Discula anthracnose - (814), (817), (823)
Powdery mildew - 819, (820), (821), (823)
Powdery mildew fungicides - 802
Septoria leaf spot - (823)
Spot anthracnose - (813), (814), (817)
Drought and Armillaria root rot may cause tree and shrub decline - 829
Euonymus -
Freeze injury - (809)
Powdery mildew - (814), (817), (832)
Giant Sequoia -
Botrytis blight - (828)
Holly -
Freeze injury - (807)
Scorch and bronzing of foliage - (808)
Fungal leaf spots - (808)
Black root rot - (808), (827), (828)
Oedema - (808)
Hollyhock -
Rust - (812)
Honeysuckle -
Phoma stem canker - (815)
Horse Chestnut -
Guignardia leaf blotch - (826)
Anthracnose - (827)
Juniper -
Cedar apple rust - (808)
Freeze injury - (809)
Phomopsis twig blight - (814), (817)
Landscape mushrooms - 830
Landscape plants -
Powdery mildew -817
Maple -
Anthracnose - (813), (814), (822), (826), (827)
Bacterial heat scorch - (825)
Leaf blister - (826)
Verticillium wilt - (827)
Dying in the landscape - 820
Mahonia -
Powdery mildew - (816)
Mulberry -
Cercosporella leaf spot - (825)
Lilac -
Powdery mildew - (832)
Oak -
Bacterial leaf scorch - (825), (828)
Powdery mildew - (832)
Ornamental Pear -
Fireblight - (816)
Pachysandra -
Freeze injury - (809)
Volutella blight - (824)
Pine -
Brown spot - (812)
Cryptodiaporthe canker - (820)
Rain and disease - 811
Redbud -
Cercosporella leaf spot - (825)
Scots Pine -
Pine wilt nematode - (820)
Sycamore -
Anthracnose - (812), (813)
Spring disease control reminders - 803
Spring disease progress - 809
Spring freeze and disease - 804
Spruce -
Rhizosphaera needle cast - (812)
Taxus -
Scorch and bronzing of foliage - (808)
Tree leaf spot diseases - 799
Trees and shrubs -
Dying in the landscape? - 827
Yellowing in the landscape - 818
Taxus -
Scorch and bronzing of foliage - (808)
Viburnum -
Southern blight - (824)
Phyllosticta, Cercosporella, Heterosporium - (824)
White Pine -
Atropellis canker - (824)
Decline - (805)
Ozone injury - (823)
Root decline - 815, (816), (823), (829)
Walnut -
Anthracnose - (827)
Willow -
Cryptodiaporthe canker - (820)
Bentgrass -
Anthracnose - (821)
Bio-Trek biological fungicide - 804
Brown patch - (803), (816)
Bluegrass -
Anthracnose - (805)
Fescue -
Brown patch - (820), (821)
Drechslera leaf spot - (806)
Pink snow mold - (806)
Mowing height and brown patch - 806
Principles of Disease Management in the Home Lawn - 808
Red thread - (813)
Septoria leaf spot - (806)
Ryegrass -
Gray leaf spot - (820), (827)
Pythium blight - (816), (821)
Septoria leaf spot - (806)
"Safe-T Green 18" and "SM-9," poor results - 811
Turfgrass -
Anthracnose - (823), (827)
Brown patch - (823), (824), (827)
Bio-Trek biological fungicide - 804
Pythium blight - (824)
Red thread - (817)
Stress related damage (Curvularia) - (824)
Summer patch - (823), (827)
Gingseng -
Alternaria blight - (824)
Rosemary -
Botrytis blight - (816)
Thyme -
Rhizoctonia stem canker - (816)
Oats - Cold injury (810)
Anthracnose - (829)
Brown spot - (821), (828)
Charcoal rot - (829)
Chemical injury - (824)
Cyst nematode - (828)
Downy mildew - (826), (827)
Frogeye leaf spot - (827), (828), (829)
Increased doublecrop yields - 806
Internet eeb sites of interest - 827
Mosaic virus - (827)
Nutritional problems - (828)
Phytophthora root rot - 824, (821), (823), (824)
Premature death - 828
Pythium root rot - (819)
Rhizoctonia root and stem rot - (818), (819), (820), (821)
Slime molds - (823)
Stem canker - (821), 826, (826), (827), (828), (829)
Sudden death syndrome - (823), (825), 826, (826), (827), (828)
1998 Chemical control options - 801, 802, 805, 806, 807, 811, 812, 815, 816
Anthracnose - (824)
Angular leaf spot - (818), (819), 820, (820), (822), (823), (824)
Bacterial hollow stalk - (821), 822, (825), (826)
Bacterial leaf spot - 807, (807)
Black shank - 799, 813, (816), (817), (818), 819, (819), (820), (821), (822), 823, (823), (824),
(825), 826, (826), (827), (828)
Blackleg bacterial rot - (812), (813), (814), (815), (816), (817)
Blue mold - (809), (810), 811, (812), (814), 815, (815), (817), (818), (819), (820), (821), (822),
(823), (824), (826), 827, (827), (828), 829, 830
Blue mold current status - 807, 809, 810, 811,812, 813, 814, 815, 816, 817, 818, 819, 820, 821,
822, 823, 824, 825, 826
Blue mold web page - 811
Chlorox injury (809)
Cold Injury - (806)
Disease reduction in transplant production systems - 800
Fertilizer burn - (812)
Float tray treatments - 803, 804, 832
Frenching - (821), (824)
Frogeye leaf spot - (819), (820), (822), (824), (825), (826)
Fusarium wilt - (818), (819), (821), (823), (824), (825), (826)
Greenhouse solarization - 820
Hail damage - (819)
Heat Injury - (808)
Herbicide injury - (817)
High alkalinity - (812)
Lightning damage - (821)
Manganese toxicity - (818)
Nutritional problems - (824)
Ozone damage - (821), (823), (824)
Pythium root rot - (806), (812), (814), (815), (816)
Plug-Plant Diseases - 806
Rhizoctonia Damping off, stem rot and soreshin - (806), (809), (810), (812), (813), (814), (818),
(819), (820), (821), (822), (823), (824), (825)
Rhizoctonia Target spot - (810), (812), (813), (818), (820), (821), (822), (823), (824), (825)
Root knot nematode - (821), (822), (823), (824)
Sclerotinia collar rot - (810), (812), (813)
Seedling damage with bleached-trays - 803
Slug damage (809)
Soil fumigation - 799
Soluble salts injury - (809)
Sunscald - (808)
Temporary phosphorus deficiency - (812)
Transplant shock - (821)
Viruses (AMV, TEV, TMV, TRSV), (TSWV) - (816), (817), (824), (826), (827)
Wet soils and related problems - (817), (818), 819, (819), 822, (824)
Chemical damage - (805)
Diseases moving in retail sales - 813
Bean -
Anthracnose - (824), (829)
Common bacterial blight - (824), (829)
Isariopsis leaf spot - (823)
Rhizoctonia stem canker -(817), (820), (821),(823)
Broccoli -
Alternaria leaf spot - (828)
Wirestem - (828)
Cabbage -
Bacterial soft rot - (821), (824)
Black rot - (820), (821)
Cantaloupe -
Fusarium stem and root rot - (817)
Cucurbits -
Bacterial wilt - (826)
Downy mildew - (826)
Powdery mildew - (826)
Cucumber -
Fusarium stem and root rot - (817), (824)
Anthracnose - (821), (822)
Bacterial wilt - (821), (823)
Bacterial spot - (824), (825)
Gourd -
Anthracnose - (822)
Kale -
Black rot - (807)
Peas -
Rhizoctonia stem rot - (810)
Pepper -
Alternaria fruit rot - (828)
Anthracnose - (825)
Bacterial spot - (824), (825), 828
Fusarium stem and root rot (824)
Fusarium wilt - (825)
Sclerotinia - (812)
Southern stem blight - (823), (827)
Rhizoctonia root/stem rot - (823)
Pumpkin -
Bacterial wilt - (827)
Downy mildew - 825, (825)
Fusarium crown and stem rot - (827)
Powdery mildew - 824
Squash -
Bacterial wilt - (821)
Tomato -
Bacterial canker - (818), (822), (823)
Bacterial speck - (814), (821), (824)
Bacterial spot - (813), (818)
Bacterial wilt - (824)
Blossom end rot - (817)
Botrytis gray mold - (803)
Buckeye rot - (818), (822), (823)
Cat-facing - (817)
Chemical injury (810)
Early blight - (816), (817), (821), (822), (824)
Fusarium crown and root rot - (817), 830
Fusarium stem rot - (822)
Heat injury (808)
Home garden diseases - 822
Late blight - (817)
Leaf mold - (832)
Nutrient deficiencies (810)
Powdery mildew - (803)
Pseudomonas-type leaf spot - (817), (818)
Pythium root rot - (812)
Rhizoctonia stem rot - (820)
Root knot nematode - (825)
Sclerotinia collar rot - (814)
Septoria leaf spot - (820), (822), (824), (826)
Southern stem blight - (817)
Stretching (810)
Sunscald (808)
Tomato mosaic virus - (822), (825)
Walnut wilt - (822)
Vegetables -
Sanitation in the home garden - 832
Watermelon -
Bacterial wilt - (828)
Bacterial streak - (812)
Barley yellow dwarf virus - (812)
Cold injury - 805, (806), (810)
Current diseases - 810, 812
Fungicides - 804, 805, 806, 809
Glume blotch - (815), (817)
Head scab - (814), (815), (817)
Powdery mildew - (810)
Spindle streak virus - (812)
Yields variable - 819
Tillage following corn: - 827
Alfalfa pests - 824
Alfalfa weevil - 799, 802, 803, 804, 808
Allegheny mound ants - 825
Aphids - 799, 803, 804, 809, 807, 809, 810, 812, 818, 825, 829
Armyworm - 807, 812, 813
Bean leaf beetle - 811, 816
Bees - 823
Beet armyworm moth - 817
Beneficial insects - 824
Blister beetle - 821
Bran bug - 800
Bt corn - 803, 811, 830, 831, 833
Bt sweet corn - 805
Bumble bee - 822
Cereal leaf beetle - 810
Colorado potato beetle - 825
Common stalk borer - 818
Confused flour beetle - 800
Corn earworms - 823, 826
Corn flea beetles - 809
Corn leaf aphids - 818
Corn rootworm - 830
Crickets - 824
Cutworms - 802, 805, 807, 808, 811, 814, 830
Effects of temperature - 804
European corn borer - 814, 816, 817, 818, 825, 830, 833
Fall armyworm - 817, 818, 821, 823, 824, 829, 830
Fall clean-up - 827, 829
Float plant pests - 810, 811
Float tray fumigation - 832
Flour Beetle - 800
Freeze damage and insects - 805
Grain prices vs. pest management - 830
Grain protectant - 825
Grasshoppers - 816, 818, 820, 824
Green cloverworm - 824
Green lacewing - 824
Greenbug - 810
Greenhouse pesticide application - 806
Hessian fly - 829
Hornets - 822
Indian meal moth - 800
Insects in greenhouses - 802
Japanese beetle - 819, 820
Lady beetles - 824
Leafhopper - 805
Leftover grain - 809
Lesser grain borers - 801
Methyl bromide - 832
Mexican bean beetle - 824
Millipedes - 801
Moisture and insects - 832
Monitoring Devices (greenhouses/float beds) - 802
No-till tobacco - 808
Palestripped flea beetles - 814
Paper wasps - 822
Pea aphids - 808, 810
Pill bugs - 801
Plastic on ground - 801
Potato leafhopper - 805, 812, 816, 817
Red flour Beetle - 800
REGENT - 800
Shore flies - 810, 811
Slugs - 801, 807, 808
Sorghum headfeeders 823
Sorghum midge - 821
Southern corn rootworm beetles - 824
Southwestern corn borer - 816, 817, 818, 822, 827, 829
Soybean podworm - 826
Spider mites - 807
Spittlebugs - 810
Squash bug - 818, 823
Squash vine borer - 818, 823
StarLink BT corn - 813
Stink bugs - 804, 816, 819, 827
Stored grain - 799, 800, 812, 817, 832
Thistle head weevil - 807
Tobacco aphids - 818, 825
Tobacco budworms - 816, 819, 820, 821
Tobacco, early insects - 814
Tobacco flea beetles - 812, 816
Tobacco fungicides - 832
Tobacco hornworm - 816, 817, 819, 825
Tobacco pests - 801, 816, 817
Transplant water treatments - 800
Variegated cutworms - 810
Wasps - 823
Waterfleas - 810
Wheat insects - 799
Wireworms - 808, 814
Yellow striped armyworm - 818
Yellow sugarcane aphid - 810
Yellowjackets - 822
Ants - 819
Birds - 812
Camel crickets - 830
Carpenter ants - 799, 813, 831
Carpenter bees - 814
Carpet beetles - 799, 832
Centipedes - 831
Clothes moths - 832
Crickets - 826
Drugstore beetles - 799
Fabric pests - 832
Firewood pests - 803, 831
Fleas - 811, 823
Fogger (total release) - 831
Foreign grain beetle - 799, 824
Fruit flies - 829
Ground beetles -813, 831
Indian meal moth - 799
Lady beetles - 829, 831
Larger yellow ant - 799
Mice - 830
Millipedes - 799, 820
Pest-proof your home - 828
Pillbugs - 820, 831
Scorpions - 831
Sowbugs - 820, 831
Spiders - 831
Termites - 799, 805, 807, 824, 831
Wet weather pests - 820
Wood boring beetles -831
Wood cockroaches - 831
Yellowjackets - 827
Birds - 812
Head lice - 799
Lone star tick - 799
Tick - 808, 809, 810
Yellowjackets - 827
Ants swarmers - 825
Apple insects - 812
Bagworms - 814
Boxwood psyllids - 806
Bronze birch - 814
Bug Zappers - 813
Calico Scale - 812
Cicada killer wasps - 823, 824
Cidadas - 808, 813
Clover mites - 808
Codling moth - 812, 826
Dogwood borers - 814
Dogwood sawfly - 821
Earthworms castings - 801
Eastern tent caterpillars - 806, 807
Fall webworms - 827
Flatheaded apple tree borer - 814
Flies - 814
Four-lined plant bug - 815
Fungus-kllled flies - 814
Galls - 812
Gall mites - 814
Giant cateripllars - 825
Green June beetles - 822
Ground bees - 807
Gypsy moth - 800
Hawthorn lace bug - 810
Holly leafminers - 810
Honey locust borer - 814
Honeylocust plant bugs - 810
Japanese beetles - 818, 822
Less peachtree borer - 810
Lilac borer - 810
Locust leafminer - 813
Maple bladder galls - 814
Oystershell scale - 810
Pine needle scale - 810
Pine sawflies - 830
Plant bug - 815
Plum curculio - 810, 812
Rosy apple aphids - 809
Saddleback caterpillars - 824
San Jose scale - 801
Sod webworms - 816
Spider mites - 809
Ticks - 809, 810
Wheel bugs - 824
White grubs - 816, 823, 826
Yucca plant bug - 815
Cattle grubs - 822
Cattle eartags - 808
Cydectin - 812
Darkling beetle - 800
Deer fly - 812
Face fly - 806, 815, 816
Feed additive insecticides - 816
Fly control - 802, 803, 806
FQPA - 814
Hog lice - 833
Horn fly - 806, 807, 812, 816
Horse bots - 831
Horse fly - 812, 817
Lesser beetle - 800
Lice - 799, 801
Litter beetle - 799, 800
Mange mite - 833
Pasture fly control - 802, 803
Rat-tailed maggot - 818
Beet armyworm - 817, 829
Beneficials - 824
Bt sweet corn - 805
Cabbage looper - 827, 829
Clean up - 827, 829
Colorado potato beetle - 825
Common stalk borer - 829
Corn earworm - 826
Cutworms - 829
Diamondback moth - 827, 829
European corn borer - 827, 829
Flea beetle - 827, 829
Imported cabbageworm - 827, 829
Mexican bean beetle - 827, 829
Squash bug - 818, 823, 827, 829
Squash pests - 818, 823, 829
Squash vine borer - 818, 823, 827, 829
Stink bugs - 804, 826
Tobacco hornworm - 827, 829
Tomato fruitworm - 826
Tomato hornworm - 827, 829
Two-spotted spidermite - 827
Wireworm - 829
1997 top 10 list - 799
Blue mold web page - 811
Bug zappers - 813
Entfacts available on Web - 810, 811
Temperature and insect development - 802, 803, 804
Weather and insect development - 817, 825
Web sites - 800
1996 Kentucky pesticide sales - 804
24c herbicides Transplant water treatments - 800, 804
Annual report - 810
EPA criminal prosecutions - 800
Eudosolfan - 806
Food quality protection act - 806
Frogs & toads - 822
Greenhouse pesticide application - 806
Joint review - 810
Kentucky sales survey - 804
Label changes - 824
Labels available on internet - 799
Malathion - 826
Mesurol 50 HBT 24 - 809, 809
Methyl parathion - 806
Methyl bromide - 804, 805, 832
News - 826, 831, 832
Orthene 75S - 800
Penalty for mislabeling - 810
Pesticide use violations - 800, 806
Pesticide collection & disposal - 799
Pesticides and child safety - 831
Phosphide bait - 801
Private applicator recordkeepping - 808
REGENT - 800
Respirator changes - 810
SpinTor - 810
Synthetic pyrethroid - 799
Transporting pesticide containers - 803
Vehicle safety - 802
Warrior 1E - 802
Lee Townsend
Extension Entomologist