HortMemo 2004

 

 

November 30, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

Amy Fulcher’s Nursery Update #28 on scouting buds for overwintering powdery mildew, powdery mildew and overhead irrigation, powdery mildew resistant cultivars, effects of Eagle fungicide applications on dogwood growth, and the economics of optimizing plant spacing is at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate28_2004.html ***FIX LINKS***

Amy Fulcher and Dava Hayden have been working on an IPM/BMP workshop series that, over the course of the growing season, will cover Liners, Pruning, Scouting, Summer Pruning, Nursery Pesticides and Summer Safety. The workshops are in HortMemo Upcoming Meetings and will be updated as final arrangements are made; in the meantime check out http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/IPM05.html for a listing.

 

For information for your new 2005 calendar see below and Upcoming Meetings 2005 and Beyond at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/HMMeetings.html ***FIX LINK*** (Upcoming Meetings for 2004 are now archived at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/HMMTG04.html ***FIX LINK***):

 

1. The 2005 Kentucky Landscape Industries (KLI) Winter Conference and Trade show will be in Louisville at the Kentucky International Convention Center, Louisville KY. The KLI meeting is sponsored by the KY Nursery and Landscape Assoc., KY Arborists’ Assoc., UK Cooperative Extension Service, and the Kentuckian Greenhouse Association. The program is available at the KNLA web site http://www.knla.org/2005KLIprogram.pdf Of the three days of Educational programming some of the selected speakers include Rick Darke, Tom Barnes, Ben Cecil, Hannah Mathers, Carol Reese, Barry Kew, John Ball, Stephen Bailey, Dale Hendricks, and many more.

 

2. West Kentucky Chapter of The Kentucky Nursery and Landscape Association (WKNLA) Annual Dinner and Winter Program. February 10, 2005. Oasis Southwest Grill, Kuttawa, KY. Contact: Dusty Kornbacher, 270.527.1884; e-mail, kyflrfmr@VCI.net or Dava Hayden, 270.365-7541x279; e-mail, Dava.Hayden@uky.edu

 

3 & 4. Best Management Practices Workshops VI, "Disease Demolition," for Garden Center Operators, Landscape Contractors, and Ornamental Plant Growers. February 15, 2005, Louisville, KY and February 16, 2005. UKREC, Princeton, KY will host similar programs at both locations. Contact: Amy Fulcher, 859.257.1273, afulcher@uky.edu, Donna Michael, 502.425.4482, dmichael@uky.edu Dava Hayden, 270.365.7541x279, dava.hayden@uky.edu or Win Dunwell 270.365.7541 x 209,wdunwell@uky.edu

 

 

 

October 31, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

 

The Pennsylvannia Horticulture Society announced their Styer Award (Gold Medal Plant Award) winners for 2005 as: Abies koreana, Calycanthus floridus ‘Michael Lindsey’, Gelsemium sempervirens ‘Margarita’ and Ilex verticillata ‘Winter gold’. Gelsemium sempervirens, carolina jasmine, is considered a poisonous plant, http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/index.html

There is an indication that Asian Ambrosia Beetles (AAB), Xylosandrus crassiusculus, are out and about. They burrow into the trunk of trees causing significant damage. For more information see Lee Townsend’s article in the Kentucky Pest News no. 1031; July 26, 2004; url, http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/pdf/kpn_1031.pdf should you think your nursery is invested please submit a sample via your County Extension Office.

 

Another great meeting, in addition to KLI (January 12-14, 2005) and the Southern Plant Conference, (September 8-10, 2005), has been planned for Kentucky in 2005. Bob Hopkins has passed along information on the 2005 Holly Society of America meeting in Louisville, November 3-5, 2005. The Executive West, Louisville, KY will be the host hotel. Contact: Bob Hopkins, Great Rivers Chapter, bob@tnz.us, Holly Society web site will have more information as the date gets closer http://www.hollysocam.org/

 

I have a web site Ornamental and Environmental Horticulture Books at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/oehbooks.html ***FIX LINKS*** that includes places to find additional published resources and my reviews on numerous books related to nursery production, landscape design and maintenance and gardening in general. The books recently reviewed include: Carol C. Baskin and Jerry M. Baskin’s Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination an incredible resource recommended to me by UK’s Dr. Robert Geneve, co-author of the equally important and useful resource Hartmann and Kester's Plant Propagation, 7th Ed.; Rick Darke’s Timber Press Guide to Ornamental Grasses; the new Timber Press guides are abridged editions of encyclopedic originals in a handy format and size; L. Clarence Towe’s American Azaleas written for those that enjoy the ornamental and fragrant native azaleas; and Thomas G. Barnes and S. Wilson Francis’ Wildflowers and Ferns of Kentucky a very useful resource for all Kentuckians interested in our native flowering plants.

 

 

September 30, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

There was not a HortMemo 8.

 

An interesting discussion occurred between Richard Weber, Springhouse Gardens, and Teresa Ford the conifer expert - speaker at the KNLA Summer Outing. Richard was saying how he had not seen a catalog sent to him, actually his response was something like: I get hundreds of nursery catalogs; most end up in the garbage can. A sales approach/catalog needs something to attract my attention that your nursery is somehow special other than having: 1) superior quality; who would say in their catalog the quality of the plants were poor. 2) unique plants, doesn't everyone. 3) reasonable prices, would any say their prices are higher than their competition. So who has managed to get some of Richard’s business. He described a nursery salesman that stopped by, was enthusiastic and friendly and treated all at Springhouse as if he was thankful for their business even though he had yet to sell them anything. He always left a catalog with a special treat inside that caught Richard’s attention; ultimately Richard bought some plants from him and he kept right on with his visit routine now thanking all for the business and working to secure more. Richard concluded with a laugh that gifts of truly unusual plants always leave a lasting impression.

 

Back in February’s HortMemo 2 I announced that Kris-Ann Kaiser, President of the Murray State University Horticulture Club, was elected President of the Southern Region American Society for Horticulture Science Association of Collegiate Branches. Her recent election to Vice President of the ASHS ACB makes her an officer of national ACB <http://www.ashs.org/acb>. Congratulations Kris-Ann. For more information about ASHS and the ASHS ACB contact Kris- Ann at <kris-ann.kaiser@murraystate.edu>

 

A talk by Marco Hoffman of the Boskoop Station in Holland included information on the Plant Names List used in Europe. The lists of woodies and perennials are on-line at http://www.internationalplantnames.com

 

The variegated river birch from the same John and Danny Allen of Shiloh Nursery in Harmony, NC that discovered the Betula nigra 'Summer Cascade' see 2003 Hortmemo 8, is to be called Betula nigra ‘Shiloh Splash’.

 

The Kentucky Landscape Industries meeting January 12-14, 2005 has lined up some great speakers with the likes of Rick Darke, Carol Reese, Hannah Mathers and our own Ben Cecil, previously plant propagator for Bernheim Arboretum, now plant propagator for Imperial Nurseries in Quincy, Florida. These are just a few of the great speakers Dr. "Bob" McNiel and the KNLA Education committee have lined up.

 

 

 

August 31, 2004

There was no HortMemo 8

 

 

 

July 31, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

 

At the IPM: Practical Techniques for Nursery Crops Program Workshop, August 3, 2004, in Murray, KY Bill Bodnaruk, Jon’s Nursery, will present on utilizing IPM in nursery production; Christine Casey, NCSU, will present on nursery and greenhouse insects their biology and control; Ted Bilderback, NCSU, will conduct a hands-on nursery pruning demonstration; Bill McElhannon, Tech. Services Manager for Harrell's Custom Fertilizers, will present on fertilization and irrigation of pot-in-pot and container crops. August 3, 2004. Kentucky Farm Bureau Building, 1702 Hwy 121 N. Bypass, Murray, KY <http://www.kfbmurray.com/Map.htm> Contact: Amy Fulcher; 859.257.1273 Fax; 859.257.2859; e-mail, afulcher@uky.edu

 

Nursery Update #25 has been posted to http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate25_2004.html ***FIX LINK*** The topic covered is diagnosing yellow leaves.

 

The 2005 Southern Plant Conference committee met on July 22, 2004 and the program and tours are lining up to make this the greatest Plant Conference ever. The Plant Conference will be September 8-10, 2005 in Louisville. The Seelbach is the host hotel and the tours will include Gainesway Horse Farm, UK Arboretum, Richard Weber’s Springhouse Gardens,<http://www.springhousegardens.com/gardens/> Yew Dell Gardens, Cave Hill Cemetery, Bernheim Arboretum, Seneca Gardens; outstanding plant study sites one and all. Betsie Taylor, KNLA Executive Director says the program and tours are “Awesome!”

 

FYI, plant problem diagnosis at nurseries frequently leads to speculation that poor survival and growth of liners is directly linked to planting too deep (it has been proposed by Dr. Donna Fare that growers should mark all liners with a brightly colored paint to show crews the appropriate planting depth.) Todd Davis’ NMPro e-mail newsletter comments that a “$400,000 project will address planting depth. Morton Arboretum in Lisle, Ill., is heading up a $402,254 project that will address planting-depth issues. A growing concern in the U.S. green industry is the premature death of landscape trees due to their roots being planted too deeply. The project, titled "Stopping Tree Losses from Buried Root Systems: A National Research and Technology Transfer Coalition" received $109,937 in federal grants, and the rest is funded by the arboretum. The project was announced as part of $1.16 million in federal dollars granted to 14 organizations to research and promote urban forestry. http://www.usda.gov/Newsroom/0241.04.html”

 

 

 

June 30, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

Amy posted her Nursery Update for June 10, 2004 to http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate24_2004.html ***FIX LINK*** It contains information on using Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and stakes for training trees.

 

Dr. Frank Hale, University of Tennessee Entomologist, will be the featured speaker at The West Kentucky Chapter of the Kentucky Nursery and Landscape Association Summer Meeting, June 24, 2004, at Green’s Silo House Nursery on New Church Road in Paducah, KY starting at 1800. There will be nursery tours. Participants are encouraged to bring in plant damage and insect samples. The evening meal will be a pig roast. For more information contact: Dava Hayden, 270.559.6318 or Dusty Kornbacher, 270.527.1884.

 

The UK Turfgrass Research Field Day at the Turf Research Center, Spindletop Farm, Lexington, KY will be July 8, 2004 starting at 0830. Dr. A. J. Powell, Jr., 859.257.5606, e-mail; ajpowell@uky.edu is the contact for this event. Tour highlights can be found on-line at http://www.uky.edu/agriculture/ukturf

 

The UK Horticulture Field Day will be on Tuesday, July 27, 2004, at 6:00 pm at the U.K. Horticulture Research Farm located at the intersection of Man Of War and Nicholasville Road (turn across from the Lowe’s and Wal-Mart entrance onto Emmert Farm Lane) Lexington, Kentucky. Tour stops include: a woody cut stem tour, shrubs and vines in field production, trellis systems, high tunnel production, shrub container production, and perennial garden flower trials. (Concurrent fruit and vegetable tours). The woody cut stem tour will answer the following questions: 1) What plants grow and flower reliably in Kentucky? 2) How should I prune willows and other woody plants to increase flower production? 3) What shelf life can I expect from woody cut stems? 4) Which woody cut stems can be forced into bloom and how many weeks early? 5) What storage requirements are necessary for woody cut stems? 6) What markets exist for woody cut stems? Featured plants include: Hydrangea, Bittersweet, Lilac, Boxwood, Peony, Deciduous Holly, Willow, Nandina, Callicarpa, Forsythia, and more. Contact: UK Department of Horticulture, Pam Compton, 859.257.2909 or Sharon Bale, 859.257.8605 or Bob McNiel, 859.257.8903; url, http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Horticulture/

 

 

 

May 31, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

At Amy Fulcher’s IPM Workshop in Elizabethtown on May 26, 2004 Cliff Sadof, Purdue University, gave a great presentation on economic thresholds related to insect injury on ornamental plants and consumer tolerance; John Hartman gave a presentation on using a computer model to predict the potential occurrence of plant disease and Mark Timmons of MTA gave a great presentation on managing for IPM (note: Amy has organized a second IPM workshop to be in Murray on August 3, 2004). Cliff Sadof’s web site is the first to come up when you type Landscape Entomology into Google’s search window. The site is http://www.entm.purdue.edu/Entomology/research/cs/ The information available from John Hartman can be found at the UK Plant Pathology web site http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/PPAExten/ppaext.html ***FIX LINK*** and in the Kentucky Pest News http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/kpnhome.htm Some points made by Mark Timmons are you have to be prepared, “timing is everything!”, to take advantage of the “windows of opportunity” that IPM activities such as monitoring and modeling offer.

 

For those growing ‘Summer Cascade’ river birch Dr. Tom Ranney’s, right-hand men Tom Eaker and Josh Mowrey recommend growing a serpentine form to five to seven feet to get a large head of weeping

branches. A plant trained to this form is in an image with ‘Summer Cascade’ founders John and Danny Allen at http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/magazine/spring04/profit.htm At Tom Ranney’s site http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/specialty_crops/pubs/ranney.html there is a picture, in what looks like Tom’s backyard, of a ‘Summer Cascade’ trained to a central leader. We have both forms in trial at the University of Kentucky Research and Education Center nursery in Princeton, KY and will report our findings in the annual UK Nursery/Landscape Program Research Report. There is another Allen river birch, ‘Summer Splash’, being evaluated.

 

Richard Olson, NCSU graduate student told me that Dr. Egolf wrote in his dissertation that one of his goals was to develop a hardy fragrant evergreen viburnum. Let’s hope the hard work of the Ranney laboratory group at the NCSU Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center is successful in achieving that goal.

 

The June edition of HortMemo will be out early: look for more info on the new UKREC Extension Associate for Nursery Crops Dava Hayden, 270.365.7541 x 279 and Amy Fucher’s (859.257.1273 Fax; 859.257.2859; e-mail, afulcher@uky.edu) IPM: Practical Techniques for Nursery Crops Program in Murray August 3, 2004 with presentations Bill Bodnaruk, Jon’s Nursery; Christine Casey, NCSU; Ted Bilderback, NCSU,; Bill McElhannon, Tech. Services Manager for Harrell's Custom Fertilizers.

 

 

 

April 30, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

May brings a great horticulture program, IPM: Practical Techniques for Nursery Crops with: Dr. Cliff Sadof, Purdue, sharing the results of his research in public gardens and garden centers showing consumer perception of plant damage and how it impacts sales. He will present how to develop an IPM program for nurseries and landscapes. Dr. Sadof has developed and published a list of economic thresholds for insect pests of nursery crops. Dr. John Hartman will lead a hands-on session to show how to use weather data to predict disease infection and more precisely time pesticide applications. Mark Timmon’s MTA Horticultural Consulting, Inc. spans the US and involves contracts with such companies as UPS. His firm develops and implements landscape IPM programs for large-scale apartment complexes. He is a nurseryman in the Louisville, KY area. Mark's presentation will focus on the "management" in IPM. The afternoon will take us to Green Ridge Tree Farm, one of the state's premier production nurseries, for a hands-on session involving all speakers. Key Plant-Key Pest, Pest Identification, Economic Thresholds, Biological Control, Resistant Selections, Scouting, and new invasive insects (especially emerald ash borer and sudden oak death) will be covered. IPM: Practical Techniques for Nursery Crops is approved for 6 Certified Arborist CEUs and 4 general and 1 specific pesticide CEUs (categories 1a, 3, 10, 12, and 19). Please sign up for the in-service and print and fill out the on-line registration form if you are planning on attending. (If the web address has wrapped you may have to type in the section that wraps to the second line into the URL line of your web browser, clicking on it won't put it there.) http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/IPM%20for%20Nursery%20Crops%20Homepage.html ***FIX LINK***

Local contact: Amy Aldenderfer at 270.765.4121, aaldende@uky.edu Program Contact: Amy Fulcher; afulcher@uky.edu

 

Sudden Oak Death quarantine was announced for Kentucky at the end of March 2004. Joe Collins wrote the Kentucky Nursery and Landscape Association the following: Kentucky has implemented a quarantine against all California grown nursery stock, effective immediately. There are several reasons behind this decision. First and foremost, because this disease is fairly new, not a whole lot is known about it. The USDA is currently regulating known host material, but this disease is continually found on new host material. Our office has consulted with plant pathologists and forestry individuals and we felt that it was in the best interest of Kentucky if we limit the amount of potential host material being introduced. One reason in particular is because red oak, a major tree species in our forests, is known to be susceptible to Sudden Oak Death.

 

In KENTUCKY PEST NEWS, Number 1017, April 19, 2004 http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/kpnhome.htm John Hartman wrote “During recent weeks, Verticillium wilt disease has been discovered in some Kentucky nurseries growing 6 to 8 ft. maple trees supplied only a month before from an out-of-state grower. ---- Verticillium albo-atrum, is capable of causing a serious vascular wilt of a wide range of woody plants. Several of our common landscape trees such as ash, catalpa, katsura tree, magnolia, maple, redbud, smoketree, and tuliptree are susceptible to Verticillium wilt.” Please see his complete article for more information.

 

 

 

March 31, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

 

Amy’s Nursery Update for April 2, 2004 has been posted to http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate21_2004.html ***FIX LINK***

It contains info on White Peach Scale and Oystershell Scale and her UK Fertilizer Research Results

Most people already have their liners in the field or pots. For those that may still be storing or have yet to receive lining-out stock you might want to reread the Sweating Nursery Stock to Break Dormancy by Mark Halcomb, UT and Amy Fulcher, UK at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/LnrSweat.html ***FIX LINK***

 

I guess I will repeat this one until the cicada actually arrive; information on Brood X of the 17-year periodic cicada can be gotten from Amy Fulcher’s Nursery Update #19 http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate19_2004.html ***FIX LINK*** and the UK Department of Entomology publication: Periodic Cicadas in Kentucky by Doug Johnson, Lee Townsend and Robert McNiel at http://dib.uky.edu/hort/sites/www.uky.edu.hort/files/documents/ENT52.pdf  Additional information can be expected from Kentucky Pest News newsletter http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/kpnhome.htm

 

SOD - SUDDEN OAK DEATH A THREAT TO KENTUCKY? by John Hartman and Joe Collins appeared in the most recent edition of the Kentucky Pest News. The comprehensive article can be found at http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/kpn/kpn_04/current.htm or by writing to Christi Forsythe, P.O. Box 469, Princeton, KY 42445 or calling 270.365.7541 x 221.

 

The 2005 Southern Plant Conference Committee headed by co-chairs Matt Gardiner and Richard Weber met yesterday and it sounds like the September 7, 2005 event will have an awesome programs of tours and presentations. Everyone involved is getting excited about this event that will also serve as the Kentucky nursery and Landscape Association 2005 Summer Outing. I will keep you posted and let you know when it is posted on line so you can keep up with updates to the program, tours, and registration.

 

 

 

February 29, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

FROM: Win Dunwell, Extension Horticulturist

SUBJECT: Miscellaneous Information and Announcements.

 

Amy Fulcher has accepted the Extension Associate for Nursery Crops position in Lexington. For those interested in the Extension Associate for Nursery Crops at the UKREC in Princeton, KY please watch the Department of Horticulture web page for the position announcement. http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Horticulture All who have worked with Amy are sad that she will be leaving us, but she will be staying with the UK Nursery Crops program and will continue to provide excellent resources for all of us. Best Wishes to Amy, Paul and Joey as they head out on a new adventure.

 

The dates for 2005 Kentucky Landscape Industries Winter Conference and Trade Show, Purchase Area Master Gardeners "Garden Gurus" with P. Allen Smith, and the 9th Biennial Southern Plant Conference have been set. KLI will be January 12-14, 2005, Garden Gurus on January 22, 2005 and So. Plant Conf. September 8-10, 2005. See HortMemo Meetings at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/HMMeetings.html ***FIX LINK*** for future announcements.

 

Kris-Ann Kaiser, President of the Murray State University Horticulture Club, was elected President of the Southern Region American Society for Horticulture Science Association of Collegiate Branches <http://www.ashs.org/acb>. For more information about ASHS and the ASHS ACB contact Kris-Ann by e-mail at kris-ann.kaiser@murraystate.edu

 

Amy Fulcher has posted her first Nursery Update for 2004. Update #19, February 13, 2004 can be found at http://www.ca.uky.edu/HLA/Dunwell/KHC/NurseryUpdate19_2003.html ***FIX LINK***

 

Cicada are coming! Cicada are Coming! See UK Pub. ENT-52 Periodical Cicadas in Kentucky or for a brief synopsis of the information important to nurserymen see Amy's Nursery Update #19 at the web address above.

 

There will be an outstanding IPM for Nursery Production: Practical Techniques for Producers Workshop in Elizabethtown on Wednesday, May 26, 2004. The program starts in the morning with presentations by Dr. Cliff Sadof of Purdue University, Mark Timmons of Mark Timmons and Associates Horticultural Consultants, Middletown, KY and Dr John Harman, UK Plant Pathology at the Hardin County Extension Office, 201 Peterson Drive, Elizabethtown. The afternoon part of the program will be at Gary Phelps and Marie Yates' Green Ridge Tree Farm, 6100 Bardstown Road, Elizabethtown, KY 42701. Workshop Program Leader Amy Fulcher is seeking Pesticide CEUs, Certified Arborist CEUs, and Extension Agent in-service status. For more information contact Amy Fulcher, 270.365.7541 x 279 or afulcher@uky.edu

 

 

 

January 31, 2004

TO: Horticulturists interested in Ornamental Horticulture

FROM: Win Dunwell, Extension Horticulturist

SUBJECT: Miscellaneous Information and Announcements.

 

The West Kentucky Chapter of the Kentucky Nursery and Landscape Association will host it's Fifth Anniversary Dinner Celebration, Educational Program and Installation of Officers, Thursday, February 12, 2004, at the Marshall County Extension Office, 1933 Mayfield Hwy, (SW Corner of Hwy 58 & Hwy 641) Benton, KY. Doors Open 5:30pm, dinner served at 6:00 pm, speakers: at 6:30 pm: Mike Tolly of Willis Insurance Company of Kentucky and Dr. Bob Anderson, Professor of Extension for Floriculture, University of Kentucky, Annual and Perennial Plants for Kentucky Landscapes; followed by Installation of Officers and Business Meeting. Reservations, by February 10, 2004, will be accepted by phone 270.527.1884 (leave a message) or by e-mail kyflrfmr@vci.net or dbh@kywestnursery.com NEW MEMBERS WELCOME!!!!

 

John Hartman's articles in the Kentucy Pest News 12Jan04 edition SHADE TREES & ORNAMENTALS section on the Survey for Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death) in Kentucky, 2003 and New quarantine regulations for Phytophthora ramorum are interesting reading and can be found at the KY Pest news web site

 

2004 marks Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest's 75th Anniversary. Special programs and classes will be offered throughout 2004 to celebrate Isaac W. Bernheim's vision and legacy. For a list of programs and events visit http://www.bernheim.org

 

Volume 52 of the Combined Proceedings of the IPPS has arrived early this year and contains some great articles. If, like me, you are interested in native plant propagation see Rod Ackerman's The Propagation of Spianthes cernua, Ladies' Tresses Orchid or Sherry Kitto's Micropropagation of Trillium Species, pages 425-428 or Navarrete-Tindall and Erickson's Developing Techniques to Produce Native Warm and Cool Season Grasses and Forbs in Missouri, pages 429-434. An interesting article on hardiness in Buddleja indicates the reason we may have lost a large portion of our collection of 84 cultivars is because we were evaluating Buddleja for cut-flower production and harvested dried stems in the fall. The result of the study Time of Pruning Effects on Cold Hardiness of Butterfly Bush by Jennifer Warr, et al, at Auburn, pages 566-570, is that "Our study demonstrates that fall pruning of butterfly bush before plants have become dormant and conditions are still favorable for re- growth, increases the chance for low-temperature injury and possibly death." After 5 years of cutting Hydrangeas to the ground in October we have yet to suffer any such losses.